Psalms 47-48 – Sermon Manuscript

-I wish we could be there not just for our church gathering, but also for the potluck afterwards, but we have some dear friends from our time in Cheyenne that are moving from there to Sioux Falls, so the elders graciously let us head out West to be there for their last Sunday. If you didn’t know, Cheyenne was where I first served in ministry, and where Cara and I met.

-Additionally, I’m bummed that I’m missing Iglesia Vida joining us today! Isaac has become an amigo over the last number of months, so when he suggested doing a service together, I got excited!

-We are doing a series through the book of Psalms Psalms 47-48 today, pg. 497

-My call to ministry became solidified in 2008 when I read this book, Worship Matters by Bob Kauflin. All throughout high school you have people asking you the question what you want to be when you grow up, and honestly being a pastor was the furthest thing from my mind! I considered becoming an archaeologist because I loved history (turns out it’s not quite like Indiana Jones made it out to be). I thought maybe I’d do something with music, because I took a music theory class my sophomore year that ignited a passion and love for music that I still have! By the time I got to college, I had a sense that God wanted me to do something with ministry, but I didn’t have a declared major when I got there, all I had was a church music minor. Turned out their idea of “church music” was very different from mine! It included things like: conducting an orchestra, how to play organ, and choirs. Meanwhile, I just wanted to play guitar! So I ended up dropping the minor, but kept pursuing ministry, and then this book came out, and it was game over for me! I knew exactly what I wanted to do (at least I thought). It’s been refined and focused, and my job has shifted over the years with it, but through this book I discovered that I wanted to help people fall in love with Jesus, and worship Him with all they have! For most of my life, music has been one of the primary ways I’ve done that, and I still love when I get to play music here, even if it’s not one of my primary responsibilities.

-But worship is more than music (even though it’s not less than music!) God’s people are marked by singing throughout history. Every week we gather together and spend a good deal of time singing, but when we do that we’re just joining in on something that’s already taking place. Rev. 4 tells us that in the heavenly realm, right now, there are 4 living creatures around the throne who never stop saying, “holy, holy, holy, Lord God, the Almighty, who was, who is, and who is to come.”

-Friends, the reality is, as the book says, worship matters. Here’s what Bob Kafulin says at the beginning of this book:

-We’re going to be looking at 2 Psalms today that give a framework for why we worship God, and it’s going to work from the transcendence (greatness) of God down to the immanence (nearness) of God. Those 2 realities are what we need to hold in a healthy tension to understand how we worship God. It begins with the understanding that He is so much bigger and beyond us that all we can do is worship, and at the same time we worship because He is here with us all the time. Let’s read it and I think you’ll see what I mean.

READ/PRAY (pg. 497)

  1. Because He is Awe-Inspiring (47:1-4)

-First, we need to look at who is being addressed here, and it’s something that makes this Psalm very unique. It’s continuing a theme we saw last week in Ps. 46:10 “Stop fighting, and know that I am God, exalted among the nations, exalted on the earth.” Here the nations are included in the call to come and worship God, which tells us that even in the OT, God’s plans weren’t just focused on 1 nation or people, His invitation was to everyone, people from every tribe, tongue, and nation!

-Second, do you notice that this begins with a couple commands? It says we’re to clap our hands and shout to God with a jubilant cry. I’m not sure if you know this, but we’re supposed to worship God with more than just our minds, and I sometimes worry that we’re more influenced by the enlightenment in our approach to our faith than we are the Bible. The enlightenment highly emphasized our intellect above and beyond anything else which means our souls and bodies have been underemphasized. Like, I’ve seen a professor begin a talk saying, “How would you respond to the phrase ‘you are your body’”? I’ve done it here before, and people started laughing, but it’s true! Now, it’s not true if I said, “you are just your body,” we’re more than a body, but we are our body, which means we should be using our bodies to worship God.

-That doesn’t mean we have to clap our shout every time we gather as the church, but I would challenge you, if you’ve never done these things as part of your expression of worship, why not?

-Just as a reminder, worship is more than music, but music is unique in worship in that it requires our holistic engagement. There’s a reason we ask you to stand to sing: it’s easier to sing when you’re standing. It requires your diaphragm, lungs, and vocal chords, and when you stand all of those are expanded. Music moves us in some incredible ways, if you want to see an example of this, look up the YouTube video “How to Train Your Dragon is a masterclass in Theme Writing” (plus it’s just an incredible piece of music!) Music does something to move us emotionally, and if we’re in Christ, then we know that music can help us become more like Jesus!

-Jonathan Edwards in his book Religious Affections described it this way: we’re commanded to sing because it moves us in ways just talking can’t. That’s why we sing on Sundays, because music is going to help move the truths we’re studying down into our hearts.

-Another contemporary of Edwards, but serving as a pastor in England, John Wesley, wrote rules for congregational singing, which is worth looking up (you can google it), but it includes things like “sing all, sing modestly, sing in time” and my favorite: “sing lustily.” That meant something different to him than to us, for him it means very enthusiastically. But he urges us to sing with boldness, to completely engage in singing together. One of the highlights of my annual calendar is going to our denomination’s theology conference in Feb. because the singing is so fun! It’s simple instruments (kind of like what’s happening today) and the focus is on the truths being sung and the voices, and pastors like to sing! Ask Mark Rivenburg or Phil Emery or Jerry Rich about it, it’s an incredibly moving experience.

-But this worship isn’t a “just because” thing, God isn’t just obsessed with Himself and wanting us to give him attention, there’s always a reason for us to respond to God with singing, and the way you can divide this first Psalm is between the commands to physically praise God with the supporting reason why we praise Him. So we’ve just talked about first verse, but notice how verse 2 begins: FOR, so we’re commanded to clap and shout FOR or because The Lord is awe-inspiring, some translations will say “awesome” here.

-And then it lists what God has done for them: He first is ruling as a great King, He has subdued people and nations under them, and He chose this people as the people that He loves. So the way you could think of this is backwards: God has chosen us, He has subdued other nations, and He’s ruling as a great King, therefore He is awesome and we will respond in worship.

Selah throughout the Psalms is most likely an extended instrumental where you stop singing and reflect on the truths you just sang, so I’m going to give you 60 sec. to silently pray and praise God for being awe-inspiring.

  • Because He Reigns (47:5-9)

-Verse 5 serves as a transition from the first section to the second, God has ascended to His rightful place as King. And how are the people commanded to respond? By singing praises. Do you see why we spent so much time in the first section talking about why worship matters and particularly singing. Once again, this is a command, and to signify its’ importance, it’s repeated 5x!

-And just as we saw before, we’re given a risen to sing: first, because God is the King of the whole earth (same wordings as vs. 2). And remember what I said earlier, that we’re going to move from the transcendence (other-ness) of God to the immanence (nearness).  We move from the whole earth to getting more specific in vs. 8. God not only rules over the earth, He also rules over the specific nations. At this time, gods were seen as representing specific nations, so if God reigns over all the nations, He’s supreme to all the other gods the other nations worshipped. And once again, we see this glimpse of God’s plans which include all people. Not only is God reigning over the nations, the nobles or leaders of all these other nations have gathered together with God’s people, descended from Father Abraham. No people or nation are excluded from God’s invitation!

  • Because He Rules Over Nations (48:1-8)

-The narrowing of focus continues in this Psalm. We’ve gone from the whole earth to focusing on the nations, then the leaders of those nations, and now we’re focusing on a specific city. At this time it would have been Jerusalem, which isn’t on a mountain (Mount of Olives right next to it is higher!), instead this is meant to signify the importance of this city, as well as intentionally contrast it with Zaphon

-Sometimes this is a general reference to the north (see Isa. 14 the people refer to “the north” as some kind of divine meeting place), but it also can be referring to a specific mountain (called Zaphon) marking the boundary between the Holy Land and Syria, which is where the Canaanites believed Baal lived. That means the Psalmist is intentionally making a contrast between the one true God and the gods of these other nations. God’s reigning is better than these other competing nations, which means if the Canaanites want to focus on the wrong mountain, they can! But the true ruler is on Mount Zion.

-That great city isn’t great because it’s imposing or impressive, it’s great because God is the one who is there. He is the one who defends it and strengthens it. Which means all the other nations don’t stand a chance!

-The nations tried to attack, but seeing the city terrified them and made them run away. When someone tries to stand against God, they will end up terrified. A woman in labor is often used to describe the eventual demise of God’s enemies, and the ships of Tarshish should bring to mind Jonah who tried to flee to Tarshish. This signifies an incredible strong and well-built boat capable of taking people to furthest corners of the earth. But compared to God, they’re nothing.

-I think there’s an allusion in vs. 8 back to Psalm 44. That Psalm was crying out to God, but there’s no resolution, it ends asking God to redeem His people, and I think this Psalm gives us the resolution. Previously, they had only heard about the works of the Lord, now they’re witnesses to them.

-All this is taking place in God’s city, which He will establish forever.

-I want to take a minute for us to think about that first phrase: as we heard, so we have seen. Where have you seen God at work recently? I was thinking about this with our trip we’re on – I’m really good at starting out praying with our family for safety and patience on the trip, but I’m less good at pointing out God’s protection and provision when we get there because I just assume it (and I’m just tired by the end of a long drive). But is that also true in our churches where we just assume things are going to work out well instead of taking time to bring attention to the ways God is working? Like what if we intentionally did more than just exchange pleasantries when we get to church? Instead of just saying “how are you?” we asked each other, “how have you seen God at work this week?”

-We’ve arrived at another Selah moment, so for this one, take a minute to silently pray and ask God to reveal the ways you’ve seen Him at work this week, and then think about sharing them with someone before you leave today.

  • Because He is Present (48:9-14)

-We’ve slowly been narrowing down our scope further and further. We started with the whole earth, then focused on the nations of the world, then the leaders of those nations, the last section brought our attention to the city of God, and now we end at 1 building: the temple, the place where the people go to meet with God.

-And within that temple, we contemplate your (Hebrew word) chesed, covenant and faithful keeping love. Just like we continue doing today, we gather here to remember how God continues providing for us, His people. So then God’s praise extends to every corner of the earth because God brings true justice, hold on to that until we get to the end of the next verse.

-The next few verses seem kind of weird to us because it’s describing an ancient city. I like the way Jim Hamilton in his commentary on this book summarizes what the Psalmist is doing: He says that the reason look for God at work is because when we see Him at work, we’ll see his character made visible, which is supposed to be taking place around us all the time. Think of what we see in Psalm 19 “the heavens declare the glory of God.” Church – the rest of creation is continually shouting praises to God, we’re the one part of the creation that often willingly rebels against worshipping.

-And do you see in here that not only are we supposed to be looking for where God is working, it says that His people are glad and rejoice because of His judgments, which is connected to His justice. That’s one that I don’t think often makes us glad or rejoice. This is one of those areas we tend to downplay or ignore today, but when we get to heaven, we’ll give praise to God for those judgments because they’re right and true. There 2 implications to that: first is that we don’t need to worry about getting someone back when they wrong us because we can trust in God’s judgment, and secondly that gives us a solution to all the evil and sin we see around us in the world. It might appear to us like evil is winning but we know that perfect justice will be brought about when Jesus comes back.

-All these things that the people are invited to look at ultimately can’t protect the city, as we’ve seen in other Psalms. The reason they’re invited to look at those is to remember that their primary protection doesn’t come from their buildings, it only comes through God, so the reason this city is so impressive is because of the God that blesses it. And this invitation isn’t just for the people to be impressed, it’s so they can do something with what they’ve seen: tell future generations.

-We saw this in last week’s Psalm too, the invitation to come and see the works of the Lord. And this is where we need to remember that God doesn’t have any grandchildren, every generation needs to be reminded of the truths of the gospel, which means every single one of us has the responsibility to talk about where we’re seeing God at work.

-DA Carson has shared that the message of the hope of the gospel is always only 3 generations away from disappearing. He says a first generation believes the gospel and believes that there are certain entailments or implications to that (ways of living, ways of conducting your business, that kind of thing). The second generation assumes the gospel but holds on to the implications. Then the last generation denies the gospel because those implications became everything. I’ve seen that in my conversations with people! They’ve left the church because they didn’t actually know the God behind the ways we live. And this is where we’re back to this tension of God’s immanence and transcendence, and we need both of them.

-See, we worship God because He is so much bigger and beyond us, but that doesn’t do anything to stir our hearts and affections to become more like Him or get excited about sharing what God has done with others (both Christians and non-Christians). We need the reminder that God is beyond us to help us understand our place in creation, and the reminder that God is near us to remember that we can call out to Him with each and every need in our lives. In my study this week, I came across this quote from Charles Spurgeon (British pastor in the 1800s):

-That last phrase is saying there’s no longer any separation from us to God. If we have been saved, we are now the city of God! God lives in and with us and gives us opportunities to see and praise Him for what He has done in and through us. And friends, our response to what we’ve seen here should be enthusiastic worship! We’ve seen these commands in here to clap and shout and sing and contemplate and praise and speak these realities to future generations, so let’s work towards that, praising God with all that we are and with all that we have.

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Bueno, buenos días. Mi nombre es Pastor Mike. Sirvo como el pastor principal aquí, y quisiera poder estar allí en persona hoy, no solo para nuestra reunión de la iglesia, sino también para la comida compartida después. Tenemos unos queridos amigos de nuestro tiempo en Cheyenne que se están mudando a Sioux Falls. Así que los ancianos aquí amablemente nos permitieron ir al oeste para estar allí en su último domingo. Si no lo sabían, Cheyenne fue donde serví por primera vez en el ministerio, así como donde Cara y yo nos conocimos. Además, también me da tristeza perderme que Iglesia Vida se una a nosotros hoy. Isaac se ha convertido en un amigo para mí durante los últimos meses. Así que cuando sugirió hacer un servicio juntos, me emocioné bastante.

Bueno, como vieron en ese breve video introductorio, estamos haciendo nuestra serie normal de verano a través del libro de los Salmos este verano. Hoy estaremos en los Salmos 47 y 48. Así que quisiera invitarlos a tomar sus Biblias y abrirlas en esos dos capítulos. Si no tienen una Biblia, tomen una de las negras en el banco cerca de ustedes. Ambos están en la página 497.

Bueno, mi llamado al ministerio se solidificó en 2008 cuando leí este libro, que se titula Worship Matters, de Bob Coughlin. Ahora, esta era una historia típica durante toda la secundaria. La gente te hace la pregunta: ¿qué quieres ser cuando seas grande? Y honestamente, durante la mayor parte de la secundaria, ser pastor era prácticamente lo último que tenía en mente. Consideré convertirme en arqueólogo porque amaba y todavía amo la historia, pero resulta que un arqueólogo normal no es exactamente como Indiana Jones lo hacía parecer. Pensé que tal vez haría algo con la música porque en mi segundo año de secundaria tomé una clase de teoría musical que realmente encendió una pasión y un amor por la música que todavía tengo.

Para cuando llegué a la universidad, tenía la sensación de que Dios quería que hiciera algo con el ministerio, pero no tenía una carrera declarada cuando llegué allí. Todo lo que tenía era una especialización secundaria, que era en música de iglesia. Desafortunadamente para mí, cuando llegué allí, descubrí que su idea de música de iglesia era muy diferente a la mía. Así que en esa escuela incluía cosas como dirigir una orquesta, aprender a tocar el órgano y coros. Mientras tanto, yo solo quería tocar la guitarra. Así que terminé dejando esa especialización secundaria, pero seguí buscando el ministerio en varias formas y maneras.

Y entonces salió este libro y realmente fue el final para mí. Sabía exactamente lo que quería hacer, o al menos eso pensaba. Ahora, desde entonces, durante casi los últimos 20 años, se ha ido refinando y enfocando, y mi trabajo ha cambiado a lo largo de los años junto con eso. Pero a través del libro descubrí que lo que realmente quería hacer era ayudar a las personas a enamorarse de Jesús y adorarlo con todo lo que tienen. Ahora, durante la mayor parte de mi vida, la música ha sido una de las formas principales en que he hecho eso. Y todavía me encanta cuando puedo tocar música aquí, aunque no sea una de mis responsabilidades principales. Pero una de las cosas que digo regularmente es que la adoración es más que música, aunque no es menos que música.

Miren, el pueblo de Dios ha sido marcado por el canto a lo largo de toda la historia. Cada semana nos reunimos aquí y pasamos una buena cantidad de tiempo cantando. Pero cuando hacemos eso, en realidad solo nos estamos uniendo a algo que ya está ocurriendo. Apocalipsis capítulo 4 nos dice que en el ámbito celestial, ahora mismo, hay cuatro seres vivientes alrededor del trono que nunca dejan de decir: “Santo, santo, santo, Señor Dios Todopoderoso, el que era, el que es, y el que ha de venir.”

Amigos, la realidad es, como dice este libro, que la adoración importa. Esto es lo que Bob Kauflin dice sobre eso al comienzo del libro. Él dice: “La adoración importa. Le importa a Dios porque Él es quien finalmente es digno de toda adoración. Nos importa a nosotros porque adorar a Dios es la razón por la cual fuimos creados. Y le importa a todo líder de adoración porque no tenemos mayor privilegio que guiar a otros a encontrarse con la grandeza de Dios.” Por eso es tan importante pensar cuidadosamente en lo que hacemos y por qué lo hacemos.

Bueno, como dije antes, vamos a estar mirando dos salmos hoy que nos dan un marco para entender por qué adoramos a Dios. Y va a ir desde la trascendencia, es decir, la grandeza de Dios, hasta la inmanencia o cercanía de Dios. Esas dos realidades son las que necesitamos mantener en una tensión saludable para entender cómo es que adoramos a Dios. Siempre tiene que comenzar con este entendimiento de que Él es mucho más grande y está más allá de nosotros, de modo que todo lo que podemos hacer es responder en adoración. Y al mismo tiempo, también adoramos porque Él está aquí con nosotros todo el tiempo.

Leamos juntos estos dos Salmos y creo que verán a qué me refiero. Así que Salmos 47 y 48, nuevamente página 497. Y si lo tienen, los invito a ponerse de pie como una manera de honrar y respetar la palabra de Dios. Y como hacemos cada semana, voy a darles un breve momento en silencio para preparar su corazón y su mente para escuchar al único Dios verdadero y vivo.

Iglesia, escuchen la palabra del Señor. Salmo 47, comenzando en el versículo cero. Para el director del coro, un salmo de los hijos de Coré. Aplaudan, todos los pueblos; griten a Dios con voz de júbilo. Porque el Señor, el Altísimo, es digno de reverencia, un gran Rey sobre toda la tierra. Él somete pueblos bajo nosotros y naciones bajo nuestros pies. Él escoge para nosotros nuestra herencia, el orgullo de Jacob, a quien Él ama. Selah.

Dios asciende entre gritos de alegría, el Señor al sonido del cuerno de carnero. Canten alabanzas a Dios, canten alabanzas. Canten alabanzas a nuestro Rey, canten alabanzas. Canten un cántico de sabiduría, porque Dios es Rey de toda la tierra. Dios reina sobre las naciones; Dios está sentado en su santo trono. Los nobles de los pueblos se han reunido con el pueblo del Dios de Abraham. Porque los líderes de la tierra pertenecen a Dios; Él es grandemente exaltado.

Salmo 48, versículo 0: “Un cántico, un salmo de los hijos de Coré.” Grande es el Señor y muy digno de alabanza en la ciudad de nuestro Dios. Su santo monte, que se eleva espléndidamente, es el gozo de toda la tierra. El monte Sion, la cumbre de Zafón, es la ciudad del gran Rey. Dios es conocido como una fortaleza en sus ciudadelas. ¡Miren! Los reyes se reunieron. Avanzaron juntos. Miraron y quedaron paralizados de miedo. Huyeron aterrorizados. Allí se apoderó de ellos el temblor, dolor como el de una mujer de parto, cuando destruyó las naves de Tarsis con el viento del este.

Tal como lo oímos, así lo hemos visto. En la ciudad del Señor de los ejércitos, en la ciudad de nuestro Dios, Dios la afirmará para siempre. Selah. Dios, dentro de tu templo contemplamos tu amor fiel. Como tu nombre, oh Dios, así tu alabanza llega hasta los confines de la tierra. Tu mano derecha está llena de justicia. El monte Sion se alegra; las aldeas de Judá se regocijan a causa de tus juicios. Rodeen Sion, denle la vuelta, cuenten sus torres, observen sus murallas, recorran sus ciudadelas para que puedan contarlo a la generación futura: este Dios, nuestro Dios, por siempre y para siempre, Él siempre nos guiará.

Mientras se sientan, ¿podrían acompañarme una vez más en una oración? Dios, te damos gracias porque tenemos el privilegio de venir ante ti con adoración, porque la adoración puede permear toda nuestra vida. Y te pido que lo que está ocurriendo durante el resto de este tiempo juntos esta mañana sea un acto de adoración, que seamos nosotros respondiendo a ti, el Dios que es digno de toda alabanza, adoración y reconocimiento. Así que Dios, por favor habla a través de mí hoy, aunque estoy grabando esto antes en la semana. Estoy agradecido de que no estás limitado ni restringido por el tiempo y el espacio como nosotros. Pero oro para que esta palabra edifique y fortalezca a nosotros como tu pueblo aquí hoy. Oramos todo esto por tu causa y por tu nombre. Amén.

Bueno, cada sección de estos Salmos nos dice varias razones por las que debemos adorar a Dios. Y comienza en el 47 con la realidad de que Él es asombroso. Y lo primero que necesitamos mirar es a quién se está dirigiendo aquí. El versículo uno dice: “Aplaudan, todos los pueblos.” Y es algo que creo que hace que este Salmo sea muy único. Está continuando un tema que vimos la semana pasada en el Salmo 46, versículo 10. Un versículo muy conocido que muchos de nosotros hemos escuchado antes, pero en esta traducción me gustó lo que dice. Dice: “Dejen de pelear y sepan que yo soy Dios,” exaltado entre las naciones, exaltado en la tierra.

Así que aquí, continuando ese tema de la semana pasada, las naciones están incluidas en este llamado, esta invitación a venir y adorar a Dios, lo cual nos dice que incluso aquí, en las páginas del Antiguo Testamento, los planes de Dios no eran solo enfocarse en una nación o un pueblo. Su invitación era para todos, todo pueblo, toda tribu, toda lengua y toda nación.

Segundo, ¿notan que este Salmo comienza con un par de mandatos explícitos? Dice que debemos aplaudir y gritar a Dios con voz de júbilo. Ahora, no estoy seguro de si lo saben, pero en realidad se supone que debemos adorar a Dios con más que solo nuestras mentes. Y a veces me preocupa que muchos de nosotros estemos más influenciados por la Ilustración en nuestro enfoque de la fe que por la Biblia.

Miren, la Ilustración de hace un par de siglos enfatizó enormemente el intelecto por encima de todo lo demás. Así que como Descartes dijo tan famosamente: “Pienso, luego existo.” Lo que significa que la única razón que puedo pensar de que existo es ser un ser pensante. Pero lo que hizo fue que restó importancia a nuestras almas y a nuestros cuerpos. He escuchado a un pastor describirlo como que la Ilustración trató a los seres humanos como cerebros en un palo.

Ahora, he visto a un profesor dar una charla que dice: ¿cómo responderías a la frase: tú eres tu cuerpo? Lo he hecho aquí antes y la gente empezó a reírse, pero es verdad. Ahora, no sería cierto si dijera que solo eres tu cuerpo. Somos más que un cuerpo, pero somos nuestro cuerpo. Lo que significa que necesitamos usar nuestros cuerpos para adorar a Dios.

Ahora, esto no significa que tengamos que aplaudir o gritar cada vez que nos reunimos como iglesia. Pero los desafiaría, si nunca han hecho estas cosas como parte de su expresión de adoración, ¿por qué no? Ahora de nuevo, solo un recordatorio, la adoración es más que música, pero la música también es única en la adoración, en que requiere de nosotros una participación integral.

Como un solo ejemplo breve, hay una razón por la que les pedimos que se pongan de pie cuando cantamos. ¿Sabían que en realidad es físicamente más fácil cantar cuando están de pie? Requiere nuestro diafragma, nuestros pulmones, nuestras cuerdas vocales y nuestra garganta, y cuando se ponen de pie, todo eso se expande.

No solo eso, sino que la música en realidad nos mueve emocionalmente de maneras increíbles. Si quieren ver un ejemplo de esto, busquen el video de YouTube: How to Train Your Dragon is a Masterclass in Theme Writing. No solo es un video muy interesante que les da algunas perspectivas diferentes sobre las piezas orquestales o las bandas sonoras de películas, sino que simplemente es una pieza increíble de música.

Pero la música hace algo emocionalmente en nosotros. Nos mueve, nos conmueve. Y si estamos en Cristo, entonces sabemos que la música en realidad puede ayudarnos a ser más como Jesús. Jonathan Edwards, en su libro Afectos Religiosos, lo describe de esta manera. Él dice: “El deber de cantar alabanzas a Dios parece haber sido establecido principalmente para despertar y expresar afectos religiosos. No se puede asignar otra razón por la cual debamos expresarnos ante Dios en verso en lugar de prosa, y hacerlo con música, sino solo que tal es nuestra naturaleza y constitución, que estas cosas tienen una tendencia a mover nuestros afectos.”

Ahora, lo que él está diciendo aquí es que se nos manda cantar porque nos mueve de maneras que solo hablar no puede. Por eso cantamos los domingos, porque la música nos va a ayudar a tomar las verdades que estamos aprendiendo y estudiando juntos y llevarlas hasta nuestros corazones. Lo he dicho de esta manera durante varios años: puedo garantizarles que no van a salir de aquí tarareando el sermón. Pero espero que tal vez recuerden una de las canciones que cantamos que les recordará una de las verdades que leímos en el sermón.

De hecho, una vez tuve a alguien que habló conmigo sobre las canciones que cantábamos porque dijo que salía y se le quedaban en la cabeza todo el día, como si eso fuera algo malo. Las canciones que cantamos, las cosas en las que meditamos y reflexionamos, deben estar inspiradas por la Palabra de Dios.

De manera similar, otro contemporáneo de Edwards, pero que servía como pastor al otro lado del océano en Inglaterra, es un hombre llamado John Wesley. John Wesley en realidad escribió reglas para el canto congregacional, lo cual vale la pena buscar; simplemente pueden buscarlo en Google. Pero incluye cosas como cantar todo, es decir, cantar toda la música. Canten modestamente, es decir, no canten tan fuerte que sea una distracción para otras personas. Una de ellas es cantar a tiempo, así que no canten fuera del ritmo. Y mi favorita, la leeré completa, es cantar con entusiasmo.

Así que esta dice: “Canten con entusiasmo y con buen ánimo. Cuídense de cantar como si estuvieran medio muertos o medio dormidos, sino alcen su voz con fuerza. No tengan más miedo ahora de su voz, ni más vergüenza de que sea escuchada que cuando cantan las canciones de Satanás.” Ahora, una breve nota, él dice: “Canten con entusiasmo.” Eso también puede tomarse de cierta manera. En esta frase, él quiere decir con gran entusiasmo, con mucha emoción detrás. Pero lo que está exhortando es que cantemos con valentía, que nos involucremos completamente en nuestro canto juntos.

De hecho, uno de los momentos destacados de mi calendario anual, de mi año ministerial, es ir a la conferencia de teología de nuestra denominación en febrero, porque el canto es muy divertido. Son instrumentos sencillos, algo parecido a lo que está sucediendo hoy. Y el enfoque está en las verdades que se están cantando y en las voces. Y a los pastores realmente les gusta cantar. Así que hice que Mark Rivenburg y Phil Emery me acompañaran este año pasado. Jerry Rich ha venido varias veces; pregúntenle a cualquiera de ellos sobre eso. Es una experiencia increíblemente conmovedora.

Pero noten que esta adoración, este aplaudir, este gritar a Dios, no es algo “porque sí”. Como si Dios estuviera obsesionado consigo mismo y simplemente quisiera que nosotros le diéramos más atención. Siempre hay una razón para que respondamos a Dios con canto. Y la adoración siempre es una respuesta a lo que Dios ha hecho. Y la forma en que pueden dividir este Salmo, al menos este primero, es entre estos mandatos de alabar físicamente a Dios, seguidos por estas razones de apoyo por las que lo alabamos.

Así que todo lo que hemos hablado hasta ahora es el primer versículo, pero noten cómo comienza el versículo dos. Dice: porque. Así que se nos manda aplaudir y gritar porque, o podrían decir, debido a que el Señor es asombroso. Algunas de sus traducciones pueden decir temible aquí. Y luego continúa enumerando exactamente lo que Dios ha hecho por ellos. Dice que Él gobierna como un gran rey. Ha sometido pueblos y naciones bajo ellos. Ha escogido a este pueblo como el pueblo que Él ama.

Así que casi podrían pensar lógicamente que esto en realidad está al revés. Así que comienza con Dios escogiendo a este pueblo al que ama. Luego, para demostrar que ama, somete a estos pueblos debajo de Él mientras gobierna como el gran rey que es asombroso. Así que respondemos con adoración.

Ahora, he compartido esto varias veces. Aparece regularmente a lo largo de los Salmos. Esta pequeña palabra, selah, que simplemente aparece a lo largo de los Salmos, muy probablemente es una indicación musical que se refiere a un instrumental extendido donde dejan de cantar y reflexionan en las verdades que acaban de cantar. Así que, como hacemos regularmente, voy a darles 60 segundos para orar en silencio y alabar a Dios por ser asombroso.

La siguiente razón que vemos para adorar a Dios es porque Él reina. Así que el versículo cinco sirve como una especie de punto de transición. El resto del Salmo sigue el mismo orden que dije anteriormente. El versículo cinco es como una bisagra. Dice: “Dios asciende entre gritos de alegría, el Señor al sonido del cuerno de carnero.” Esto está diciendo que Dios ha ascendido a su lugar legítimo como rey. ¿Y ven cómo se manda al pueblo responder? Cantando. Cantando alabanzas.

¿Ven por qué pasamos tanto tiempo en la sección anterior hablando de por qué importa la adoración y particularmente el canto? Y una vez más, esto es un mandato. Y para mostrar su importancia, ¿notaron cuántas veces dice cantar? Así que una, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco. Cinco veces seguidas aparece este mandato, esta exhortación a que cantemos.

Y así como vimos anteriormente, se nos da una razón para cantar. Primero, porque Dios es el rey de toda la tierra. Es la misma frase que de hecho vimos anteriormente en el versículo 2. Y recuerden, mientras avanzamos por estos Salmos, vamos a ir moviéndonos desde la trascendencia, la otredad de Dios, hacia la inmanencia, la cercanía. Así que comenzamos con toda la tierra, ahora vamos a movernos para ser un poco más específicos en el versículo 8. Dice: “Dios no solo gobierna sobre la tierra, también reina sobre las naciones.” Naciones específicas.

Ahora, en ese tiempo, se veía a varios dioses como representantes de naciones específicas. Así que esta es una manera de decir que si Dios reina sobre estas naciones, Él también es supremo sobre todos esos otros dioses que esas naciones adoraban. Y una vez más, estamos viendo que los planes de Dios incluyen a todos los pueblos. Porque Dios no solo está reinando sobre las naciones, sino que dice que los nobles, o tal vez podrían leer esto como los líderes de todos los pueblos, se han reunido con el pueblo de Dios, aquellos que eran los descendientes de Abraham.

Amigos, ningún pueblo y ninguna nación queda excluida de la invitación de Dios a reunirse y exaltar al único Dios verdadero.

Ahora, el siguiente Salmo continúa este estrechamiento del enfoque. Así que acabamos de ver que Él gobierna sobre las naciones; vamos a ser un poco más explícitos sobre eso en esta siguiente sección. Así que recuerden, hemos pasado de gobernar sobre la tierra, a enfocarnos en las naciones y en los líderes de esas naciones. Ahora este Salmo va a estrecharlo aún más para hablar de una ciudad específica.

Así que tal vez han hecho esto en Google Earth, donde abren la aplicación, escriben una dirección, y es algo divertido ver el globo girar y luego acercarse lentamente a un vecindario específico. De hecho, a veces es un poco inquietante lo cerca que puede acercarse, pero esa es una imagen de lo que este Salmo está haciendo. Como que hemos mirado toda la tierra, hemos visto el globo girando, hemos acercado la vista para ver algunos mapas de estas naciones, ahora nos estamos enfocando aún más en una ciudad.

Y en ese tiempo, la ciudad de nuestro Dios habría sido Jerusalén. Hablamos de esto otra vez la semana pasada. Pero lo interesante de esto es que dice la ciudad de nuestro Dios, su santo monte. Ahora, Jerusalén no está sobre una montaña. De hecho, hay un lugar llamado el Monte de los Olivos que aparece en los evangelios, donde Jesús fue la noche en que lo mataron, que está justo junto a Jerusalén y de hecho está a una elevación más alta. Así que pueden subir al Monte de los Olivos y mirar hacia abajo y ver toda Jerusalén extendida frente a ustedes.

Lo que esto está haciendo es que busca señalar la importancia de esta ciudad. Pero también tiene la intención de contrastar intencionalmente con Zafón, que aparece en el versículo tres. Así que pueden ver su santo monte elevándose espléndidamente, es el gozo de toda la tierra, el monte Sion, la cumbre de Zafón. Ahora, Zafón es una palabra interesante en el hebreo. A veces esto es simplemente una referencia general al norte.

Así que aparece en Isaías capítulo 14. Allí, la mayoría de las personas creen que esto describe la caída de Satanás. Dice: estrella resplandeciente de la mañana, cómo has caído de los cielos. Tú, destructor de las naciones, has sido derribado hasta la tierra. Dijiste para ti mismo: ascenderé a los cielos. Pondré mi trono por encima de las estrellas de Dios. Me sentaré en el monte de la asamblea de los dioses, en las partes más remotas del norte. La palabra traducida como norte allí es Zafón en hebreo.

Ahora, podría simplemente referirse a esta región remota, y pueden ver incluso en el monte de la asamblea de los dioses. Así que la gente cree que este era el lugar donde varias deidades se reunían y se encontraban. Pero esto también podría referirse a un lugar específico llamado Zafón, una montaña específica. Y esa montaña marca la línea divisoria, la separación entre la Tierra Santa y Siria. Así que Zafón, esta cima específica de una montaña, es donde los cananeos creían que vivía Baal, su dios.

Eso significa que, si eso es cierto, entonces este salmista está haciendo intencionalmente un contraste entre el único Dios verdadero y los dioses de todas estas otras naciones. Así que está diciendo que el reinado de Dios es muy superior a todas estas otras naciones competidoras. Si todos estos cananeos quieren ir y enfocarse en la montaña equivocada, pueden hacerlo. Pero el verdadero gobernante está sentado en el monte Sion. Ese es el lugar que es la ciudad del gran Rey.

Ahora, esta gran ciudad no es grande porque sea imponente; no es grande porque sea grande e impresionante, es grande por causa del Dios que está allí. Él es quien finalmente la defiende y la fortalece, lo que significa que todas estas otras naciones que quieren competir con este único Dios verdadero no tienen ninguna oportunidad. Y eso es lo que aparece en el siguiente versículo.

Miren el versículo tres. Perdón, el versículo cuatro dice: “Miren, los reyes, las naciones, se reunieron y avanzaron juntas. Pero cuando se acercaron, dice que miraron y quedaron paralizados de miedo. Huyeron aterrorizados. Solo ver la ciudad fue suficiente para asustar hasta lo más profundo a todos estos otros reyes y hacerlos salir corriendo.” Así que cuando alguien intenta levantarse contra Dios, al final terminará simplemente aterrorizado.

Ahora, un par de notas sobre algo de la terminología que se usa en este Salmo aquí. Pueden ver el versículo seis: “dolor como el de una mujer de parto.” A lo largo de la Biblia, eso se usa a menudo para describir la derrota final de los enemigos de Dios. Es que están en esta inmensa cantidad de dolor que algún día terminará. Y luego, hablando de las naves de Tarsis, la otra ocasión principal en que aparece sería en Jonás. Así que cuando Jonás intenta huir y escapar de Dios, intenta huir a Tarsis.

La mayoría de las personas cree que esto simplemente se refiere a un barco increíblemente bien construido y fuerte, capaz de llevar a las personas a lo que ellos pensaban que eran los confines de la tierra. Pero incluso comparadas con Dios, estas naves fuertes y bien construidas que pueden llevarte tan lejos como quieras ir no son nada. Como si piensan en un viento del este que es capaz de destruir una nave, ese es un viento bastante fuerte.

Ahora, continuando en el texto en el versículo ocho, dice: “Tal como lo hemos oído, así lo hemos visto.” Y creo que el salmista está haciendo una alusión aquí al Salmo 44. Ese Salmo era un clamor a Dios, una queja ante Dios. Dije que era un lamento. Y ese Salmo comienza diciendo: “Dios, hemos oído con nuestros oídos. Nuestros antepasados nos han contado la obra que realizaste en sus días, en los días antiguos.” Pero luego no continúa diciendo: “Ahora mis ojos han visto.”

Así que el Salmo 44, si recuerdan, nos dejó un poco en suspenso. No había resolución, no había claridad sobre lo que Dios iba a hacer y cómo Dios iba a responder. Simplemente termina con el salmista pidiéndole a Dios que venga y redima a su pueblo. Y creo que esa resolución se encuentra aquí en este Salmo. Antes, este pueblo solo había oído acerca de las obras del Señor, pero ahora hemos visto. La gloria de Dios se ha hecho visible para este pueblo.

Y todo esto está ocurriendo en la ciudad del Señor de los ejércitos. Parte de lo que se está señalando aquí con el Señor de los ejércitos es que Dios tiene una multitud de ejércitos detrás de Él, de modo que nadie puede levantarse contra Él, y Dios la establecerá para siempre.

Ahora quiero tomar un minuto para pensar y reflexionar más sobre esta primera frase. Tal como lo hemos oído, así lo hemos visto. Y mi pregunta para ustedes es: ¿dónde han visto a Dios obrando recientemente? Estaba pensando en esto con el viaje en el que estamos ahora mismo. Soy muy bueno para comenzar un viaje orando con mi familia por nuestra seguridad y por paciencia unos con otros durante el viaje. Soy menos bueno para señalar la protección y provisión de Dios cuando llegamos. Porque honestamente, tiendo a simplemente darlo por sentado. Y en parte, simplemente estoy muy cansado al final de un viaje largo en auto.

Pero, ¿también es eso cierto en nuestras iglesias? ¿Simplemente asumimos que las cosas van a salir bien, en lugar de tomar el tiempo para llamar la atención y enfocarnos en las distintas maneras en que Dios está obrando? ¿Qué pasaría si cuando nos reunimos aquí juntos como iglesia hiciéramos algo más intencional que simplemente intercambiar saludos? En lugar de solo decir: “¿Cómo estás?”, ¿qué tal si nos preguntáramos unos a otros: “¿Cómo has visto a Dios obrando esta semana?”

Ahora hemos llegado a otro momento de Selah en el texto aquí. Así que para este, tomen un minuto para orar en silencio y pedirle a Dios que revele las maneras en que lo han visto obrando esta semana, y los animaría a pensar en compartirlas con alguien más antes de irse hoy.

La última sección aquí. Y la última razón que tenemos para adorar es porque Él está presente. Ahora de nuevo, estamos reduciendo lentamente nuestro enfoque cada vez más, comenzando con toda la tierra, enfocándonos en las naciones del mundo y los líderes de esas naciones. Esta última sección llevó nuestra atención a la ciudad de Dios. Y ahora nos acercamos aún más a un solo edificio. Dice: tu templo. El lugar donde el pueblo iba para encontrarse con Dios. Y dentro de ese templo, noten que dice: “Contemplamos tu,” y aquí está de nuevo esa palabra hebrea, “hesed,” tu pacto y amor fiel que guarda su pacto.

Así que, tal como hacemos hoy, nos reunimos aquí para recordar cómo Dios sigue proveyendo para nosotros, su pueblo. Entonces, desde nosotros, la alabanza a Dios se extiende hasta los confines de la tierra. Y la razón por la que hacemos eso es porque Dios está lleno de justicia. Justicia. Ahora mantengan eso presente hasta que lleguemos al final del siguiente versículo.

Y estos pocos versículos restantes nos pueden parecer un poco extraños, porque están describiendo todas estas murallas y cosas de una ciudad antigua. Pero me gusta la manera en que Jim Hamilton resume lo que el salmista está haciendo aquí en su comentario. Jim dice que todo esto, todos estos elementos de la ciudad, declaran que la presencia de Dios hace visible el carácter de Dios al pueblo de Dios.

Así que el punto de esta ciudad es la presencia de Dios; esa es la primera parte. Todo esto declara que la presencia de Dios en la ciudad hace visible el carácter de Dios al pueblo de Dios. Presencia, carácter y pueblo. Él dice que la razón por la que buscamos a Dios obrando es porque cuando lo vemos obrar, veremos su carácter hecho visible para nosotros. Y las obras de Dios en realidad están ocurriendo a nuestro alrededor todo el tiempo. Ya sea que lo admitamos o no, ya sea que lo veamos o no, ya sea que lo reconozcamos o no.

Piensen en lo que vemos en el Salmo 19, versículo uno. Dice: “Los cielos declaran la gloria de Dios.” Así que iglesia, el resto de la creación, toda la creación, está continuamente proclamando alabanzas a Dios. Nosotros somos la única parte de la creación que a menudo voluntariamente se rebela contra la adoración. En lugar de responder a Dios con alabanza y adoración porque Él es digno, tendemos a levantarle el puño.

¿Y ven aquí que no solo se supone que debemos estar mirando dónde Dios está obrando? El final del versículo tres dice: “El monte Sion se alegra; las aldeas de Judá se regocijan” a causa de los juicios de Dios. ¿No es interesante? Ahora, creo que la justicia y los juicios aquí están conectados entre sí, pero la parte de los juicios es algo en lo que no creo que nosotros pensemos a menudo como algo que nos alegre o en lo que nos regocijemos. De hecho, yo diría que la parte de los juicios es un área que tendemos a minimizar o ignorar hoy.

Pero cuando lleguemos al cielo, en realidad alabaremos a Dios por estos juicios porque son rectos y verdaderos. Ahora, hay dos implicaciones de este juicio. La primera es que no necesitamos preocuparnos por intentar vengarnos de alguien cuando nos hace daño, porque podemos confiar en que Dios tiene un juicio bueno y verdadero que viene. Pero en segundo lugar, esto también nos da una solución a todo el mal y el pecado que vemos a nuestro alrededor en el mundo. Desde nuestra perspectiva, puede parecer que el mal está ganando, pero sabemos que el juicio perfecto y la justicia perfecta serán llevados a cabo cuando Jesús finalmente regrese.

Ahora, todas estas cosas que se invita a las personas a mirar aquí. Dice, versículo 12, otro mandato: rodeen Sion, denle la vuelta, cuenten sus torres, observen sus murallas, recorran sus ciudadelas, todas estas diversas cosas que están en esta ciudad. Y sabemos, basados en otros Salmos que hemos leído y estudiado juntos, que todas estas otras cosas en realidad no pueden proteger esta ciudad. La razón por la que se les invita a ir y mirar todas estas cosas es para recordar que su protección principal no viene de edificios. Solo viene por medio de Dios.

Así que la razón por la que esta ciudad es tan impresionante es por el Dios que la bendice. Y esta invitación a ir a verla no es solo para que el pueblo quede impresionado. Es para que puedan ir y hacer algo con ello. Detuve mi lectura justo antes de la segunda mitad del versículo 13 aquí. Dice: hay una razón por la que se supone que deben ir y mirar todas estas cosas alrededor de la ciudad para poder contárselo a una generación futura. Y yo diría que no solo a una generación futura, sino a todas las generaciones futuras.

Y amigos, aquí es donde necesitamos recordar que Dios no tiene nietos. Lo que eso significa es que cada generación necesita ser recordada de las verdades del evangelio. Cada uno de nosotros tiene la responsabilidad de compartir y hablar acerca de dónde vemos a Dios obrando hoy.

D. A. Carson, quien durante varios años sirvió en el seminario de nuestra denominación en Chicago, ha compartido una historia donde dice que el mensaje de la esperanza del evangelio siempre está a solo tres generaciones de desaparecer. Y esto es lo que quiere decir con eso. Él dice que una generación, la primera generación, cree el evangelio y cree que hay ciertas consecuencias o implicaciones de ese evangelio. Así que hay ciertas maneras de vivir que debes buscar si estás creyendo en Jesús. Hay maneras de manejar tus negocios. Hay maneras de relacionarte con el mundo, ese tipo de cosas, implicaciones del evangelio.

La segunda generación asume el evangelio, pero luego se aferra solo a las implicaciones del evangelio. Así que simplemente no miran a Jesús. Se aferran a esas ciertas maneras de vivir. Y luego la tercera y última generación niega el evangelio porque todo lo que conocieron, todo lo que escucharon, y todo lo que estudiaron fueron las implicaciones. Las implicaciones o consecuencias del evangelio se convirtieron en todo. Y amigos, he visto esto en mis conversaciones con personas, personas que han dejado la iglesia porque en realidad no conocían al Dios detrás de las maneras en que se supone que debemos vivir.

Y aquí es donde volvemos a esta tensión entre la inmanencia y la trascendencia de Dios, y necesitamos ambas. Miren, adoramos a Dios porque Él es mucho más grande y está más allá de nosotros. Pero eso realmente no hace mucho para avivar nuestros corazones y afectos para llegar a ser más como Él o emocionarnos por compartir lo que Dios ha hecho con otros, tanto cristianos como no cristianos. Y recuerden, vimos eso la semana pasada. Es el mismo mensaje que tenemos que predicar, pero para los que están en Cristo, es un ánimo. Para los que no están en Cristo, es una reprensión.

Necesitamos este recordatorio de que Dios está más allá de nosotros para ayudarnos a entender nuestro lugar en la creación. Pero también necesitamos el recordatorio de que Dios está cerca de nosotros, para recordar que podemos clamar a Él con cada una de las necesidades de nuestra vida.

En mi estudio de esta semana, me encontré con esta cita de Charles Spurgeon, un pastor británico que sirvió en Londres en el siglo XIX. Él dijo: “Puedo admirar el lenguaje solemne y majestuoso de la adoración que reconoce la grandeza de Dios, pero no calentará mi corazón ni expresará mi alma hasta que también haya mezclado con ello la gozosa cercanía de ese amor perfecto que echa fuera el temor y se atreve a hablar con nuestro Padre en el cielo como un niño habla con su padre en la tierra. Hermano mío, ya no queda velo.”

La última frase allí, ya no queda velo, es una manera de decir que ya no hay ninguna separación entre nosotros y Dios. Si hemos sido salvos, ahora somos la ciudad de Dios. Dios vive en nosotros y con nosotros y nos da oportunidades para verlo y alabarlo por lo que Él ha hecho en y a través de nosotros. Y amigos, nuestra respuesta a lo que hemos visto aquí debe ser una adoración entusiasta.

Hemos visto varios mandatos a lo largo de este Salmo para nosotros. Hemos visto aplaudir y gritar y cantar y contemplar y alabar y hablar estas realidades a las generaciones futuras. Así que trabajemos hacia ese fin, alabando a Dios con todo lo que somos y con todo lo que tenemos.

¿Podrían orar conmigo, por favor? Dios, te doy gracias porque no solo podemos adorarte. Podemos adorarte en espíritu y en verdad, como leemos en Juan 4. Podemos adorarte a ti, quien ha entrado detrás del velo y nos ha llevado contigo como un ancla firme y segura para nuestras almas. No solo has provisto un camino para que podamos adorarte, sino que también nos has dicho cómo debemos adorarte.

Así que Dios, donde nos quedamos cortos, por favor convéncenos. Ayúdanos a crecer en nuestra respuesta de usar todo lo que somos y todo lo que tenemos como una manera de responderte a ti como el único verdadero, bueno, bondadoso y misericordioso Padre. Dios, te doy gracias por la realidad de que podemos llamarte nuestro Padre. Que podemos venir ante ti como hijos que han sido adoptados en tu reino.

Así que te damos gracias porque eres un Dios que está por encima de nuestra comprensión y al mismo tiempo vienes y vives y habitas entre nosotros aquí como tu pueblo. Dios, que trabajemos y crezcamos en nuestra respuesta de adoración a ti por causa de todas las maneras en que sigues obrando en nosotros. Que seamos rápidos para testificar y compartir y dar testimonio de todas las maneras en que obras entre nosotros como tu pueblo, para que seas honrado y glorificado en nosotros y a través de nosotros, y para que otros nos miren a nosotros y vean una luz brillando en la oscuridad. Oramos todo esto por tu causa y por tu nombre. Amén.

Vamos a responder juntos celebrando la comunión. Así que unas notas sobre la comunión. Primero, la comunión es solo para creyentes. Así que si todavía no eres creyente, te animo a no participar en este momento. Pero toma este tiempo para mirar alrededor y ver algunas de las maneras en que Dios puede estar obrando a tu alrededor ahora mismo.

El otro recordatorio para nosotros es recordar considerar el cuerpo. Esto está destinado a ser algo que une nuestros corazones unos con otros, así como nuestros corazones con Dios. Así que las instrucciones breves son que bajen por los pasillos laterales, tomen los elementos y luego regresen a sus asientos subiendo por el centro o por los extremos de afuera. También habrá una persona caminando con una bandeja móvil para cualquiera que tenga problemas de movilidad. Así que mientras cantamos, siéntanse libres de hacerle una seña durante estas últimas canciones.

Y luego, si toman la última copita de jugo, por favor recojan esa bandeja vacía y colóquenla junto al resto de los platos en el carrito. Así que, ¿podrían ponerse de pie mientras cantamos juntos y recordamos que el Señor es quien los invita a venir y participar en esta mesa.

Psalm 46 – Sermon Manuscript

-I got a text from Micah this morning who was sitting at the airport ready to fly to Mexico for the week with Elizabeth. I love flying, but not as much as my wife does. Every time we’re near the airport she gets the travel bug to go visit a new place. I know not all of you feel the same way she does! And if you stop and think about what you’re doing it makes sense to fear it! You’re strapping yourself in to an uncomfortable seat that’s connected to a metal tube that is about to take you 6 miles above the earth (which is where we were made to live), move at something like 500 mph, and you’re just stuck sitting there. You have zero control over where you’re going, and if you’re lucky every so often the pilot will get on and tell you what’s going on, otherwise you’re just at their mercy. For some of you, planes are a place of excitement and fun, for others planes are on object of pure terror! And that’s a glimpse of what we see in today’s Psalm. Psalm 46 focuses on God being our refuge and strength, but that same refuge can be a source of terror and dread to someone who isn’t following after God.

READ/PRAY (pg. 496)

God Is Our Refuge In: 

-This Psalm begins with this reminder that God is our refuge and strength, full stop. That means that whatever comes after this sentence is dependent on that reality. A few weeks ago, we looked at Psalm 42 and saw the need to preach to ourselves instead of just listening to yourself. This is the next step in that process, the preaching needs to begin with the reminder of who God is. And in this passage: if this is really true, that God is our refuge and strength, then we don’t need to be afraid of anything else, which is the point of this Psalm. This Psalm has 2 purposes: to call out those who aren’t following after God, and to encourage those who are following after God. And that’s at the heart of God’s message; it’s the same message for both people. This message that encourages those who are His condemns those who are against Him, there’s no 3rd way. 

-This God who is our refuge and strength is also a helper. Now that seems like a weird turn. How is God a helper? As it goes on to say an “ever-present help in times of trouble” is how I learned it growing up. It begins with the reality that He created us which means we are completely dependent on Him, so in that sense He helps our beginning. But the Bible also tells us that He didn’t create and then peace out, it goes on to tell us that He continues sustaining the world. The fact that we have oxygen in our lungs is his gift to us. Now, I know how the cycle works, we exhale CO2 which trees and plants need and then release oxygen into the air, but who’s the one who designed and continues perpetuating that cycle? God is! A professor I had in seminary onetime said we should never say that anything is “God-forsaken” because we couldn’t begin to imagine the terrors that would come if that were true. Not only does He sustain us, but He also relates to us and sympathizes with us. He is on our side and supports us in our daily lives.

-A clear place we see that is the verse that was the inspiration for Dane Ortlund’s book Gentle and Lowly that came out a few years ago. Dane points out in his book that the 1 place in the Bible where Jesus describes His deepest desire towards us is in Matt. 11. If you haven’t read the book yet, and you’re feeling a level of angst of struggle, grab it from the library or talk to me, I have extra copies! 

-Look at Jesus’s description of His heart toward those who are following after Him: lowly and humble is the deepest feeling towards us (different translations change it to lowly and gentle). And would you want His heart toward you to be any different? That’s the reason He is our refuge, that’s the reason He is our help, that’s the reason we can find our rest in Him! I was listening to a podcast this week about the need for us to just go outside because doing things like looking at birds and trees calms us, while staring at a phone literally makes us anxious! Kids – that’s one of the reasons your parents don’t let you play with phones all day every day! It’s not good for you as a person.

  1. Destruction (1-3)

-The rest of this section talks about the destruction of the world. And because verse 1 is true, We don’t need to be afraid when the earth collapses around us. This is more than just a localized thing, he’s using apocalyptic language, like a de-creation of the world, similar to what we read in Rev. or Ezek. He begins focusing on the things that feel immovable and steadfast: the earth and the mountains, those are hard things! Can any of you move the earth? Or even a mountain? Like I’ve got some yard projects I need to do at my house that involve moving some dirt, and I keep putting it off because I don’t want to move a little pile of dirt. That’s nothing compared to a mountain! 

-Then it shifts to the seas, which are roaring and foaming. When I think of the sea, I think peace and tranquility. I LOVE the beach! But waters often in the OT are a source of anxiety. Think of the huge waves, storms regularly coming through, the fact that it looks unending (Cara’s fear on the cruise)

-All these things are what we today call “natural events.” Storms roll through, tornado sirens go off in the summer, hail is inevitable, but all of us have something we’re afraid of. What “natural events” are you most afraid of? The weekend Cara and I started dating I found out my future SIL was terrified of tornadoes from growing up in Arkansas, I grew up with them being an inconvenience watching my grandpa go outside to look at them. Maybe you fear another virus, I keep reading about a new norovirus making its rounds on cruise ships (another reason for Cara to avoid them!) We all have areas in the world where we struggle to trust God, but His invitation here is to remember that He is our refuge and strength:

Selah

  • Wars (4-7)

-Contrast the water here with the water in the previous verse. And I hope by now you’re starting to catch the allusions to Psalm 1, where the blessed person is the one who is planted by streams of water. Water can either be lifegiving (like after you’ve mowed the lawn when it’s 100 outside with 100% humidity), or water can be unbelievably destructive like a hurricane. And God rules over them all. Here we see the way God uses water to bring life and flourishing to his people.

-City of God is a reference to Jerusalem, so here’s where this is kind of weird. There is not a river, nor has there ever been a river running through that city, but do you know what we see in Rev.? A river flowing through the New Jerusalem from God, giving life to the nations. So I think we’re actually seeing a glimpse here of the new heavenly realities because of what Jesus has done.

-But the most important fact about this city isn’t the river, it’s the third line: this is the place where God lives. That’s been the goal since creation, for God to live with His people. Since Gen. 3, that’s been impossible because holiness can’t co-exist with sin, but this has been God’s plan forever: to have a people living with Him.

Heb. 12 picks up this idea, comparing our experience today to the Israelites who were so scared of the mountain when God met with Moses that they wouldn’t come near it. 

-Unlike them, we have come to a new mountain. And I think it’s worth asking for us today, where do we see the city of the living God? In the church. God lives and dwells among us through His Spirit today. And what that means is that because God lives and dwells in us today, we won’t be toppled, nothing can stand against the church, and that’s played itself out in history time and time again. Each time the church faces a threat in one place and begins to shrink, it flourishes somewhere else. I’ve been reading reports about the church growing like crazy in Iran, despite regular persecution and death. But that’s only true of the city of God

-While the city of God is stable, vs. describes the city of man which can’t stop fighting. Nations rage, I think referring to Psalm 2 where the Psalmist asks why the nations rage against the Lord? In this case, it’s because God is reigning. All God has to do is speak and nations will fall. 

-And I think it’s appropriate for us to think about this today, as we clean up firework remnants from our yards and streets. I feel blessed to have been born here, I’m thankful for the freedoms we have, and the prosperity that allowed my great-grandparents to immigrate here over a century ago, but let’s not pretend or assume that this nation will last forever. Give thanks, appreciate, be the best citizen you can, not for the sake of the US, but for the sake of Jesus. But don’t put your hope on this nation! We see in this Psalm that all it takes is a word from the Lord and even this nation will crumble.

-I was listening to a podcast interview this week because one of the speakers just released a new book with reflections from Jer. 29 (not the verse everyone knows about God’s plan to prosper us, these are a few verses earlier). This is one of my favorite verses in the OT, so this really stuck out to me when someone else focuses on it. Now, this is in the old covenant, so we can’t do a 1 for 1 applying this to ourselves, but Peter calls us exiles and part of those who are dispersed around the world instead of gathered together in 1 place, and I think the call for us today is actually very similar. And do you see how ordinary this call is? It’s a normal life of working, of providing for your family, of taking care of your little plot of land, and helping your kids become adults. Friends, what if God’s call is simply faithful presence in the world? Jesus tells us that we will have suffering and difficulty in the world, but we’re supposed to be encouraged and take heart because He has overcome the world.

-I read a book earlier this summer that was talking about what we as Christians and the church should be pursuing, and the author took his whole argument and summarized it in the title: pilgrims and priests. Believe it or not, the entire world will never be Christians. We’re told that we’ll always have some dealings with “the world” which means maybe we’re not supposed to try to take over the whole world. Additionally, maybe we’re not supposed to try being culture warriors or try to become “famous,” maybe our job is to be faithful pilgrims who are working to sanctify (make holy) our little corner of the world. Maybe that’s how we shine as lights in the world, (which assumes there’s always going to be darkness!) Now, we don’t want or pray that people will remain alienated from God, in fact we regularly ask God to work and move in and through us, but we need to understand what our job is vs. God’s job. We live as faithful followers of Him, we take responsibility for our little “garden” (whether you actually grow food or not), and pursue the well-being of the place where God plants us.

-One of my concerns in the church in America is that we have whole “ministries” and “churches” who stoke fear and division in the church, who try to get people worked up about how the world is falling apart. That shouldn’t surprise us! That should never catch us off guard! We see here that the nations are going to rage and kingdoms are going to topple, so even when that happens, we don’t live in fear, we walk by faith and trust in the Lord who protects and preserves us. One of the most common commands throughout the Bible is “fear not,” so let’s not be afraid, that’s the main point this Psalm is giving us! 

-This idea that we’re supposed to shine as lights comes from Matt. 5. Here’s how Jesus describes His followers:

-That means we have to live holy lives. How are you doing at that? When people look at you, do they see God represented? What’s interesting about this light shining before others is just as we’ve seen, God’s Word can create or destroy. Our holy living is meant to either draw people in or condemn them for their unholy living. The last verse in Matt. 5 says they will give glory, but it doesn’t say that will be willingly, some will give glory because they’re forced to. So church, are you faithfully living and shining as a light in the darkness? That’s God’s invitation through this Psalm, and it’s only possible because of vs. 7

-Why can we live this way and not be afraid? The Lord of Armies is with us as a stronghold. Maybe a better word for you to get what is saying here is a “safe room,” a place where even if a tornado knocks down your house, you’ll be just fine. 

Selah – think about garden God has called you to cultivate.

  • Worship (8-11)

-This section begins with an invitation to come and see the work God does, the God who can bring devastation, but also brings life because the church is God’s chosen means of work today. Friends, coming in here is where people should be able to see God at work in you and in me! We should be looking for God at work here and inviting other people to join us and see God’s work being made visible. This means we’re supposed to be witnesses, sharing how we’re becoming more like Jesus, sharing the ways God continues providing for us, and living a happy (blessed) life that is faithfully ministering and serving the place God has called us.

-That’s the direction for the church, but we also get the negative side of it for those not in the church: devastation. We saw the description of that previously. At some point, the sin of this world will be destroyed. He will put an end to all wars and fighting, but it comes by one final act of devastation. Kidner: “Although the outcome is peace, the process is judgment.”

-The word translated “makes cease” is where we get the word “sabbath” from, which is much more than the absence of war or conflict, it’s everything being as God intended it to be (which does include no more fighting).

-Verse 10 has been translated differently in many older Bible translations, you may have it memorized as “Be still, and know that I am God,” but this is a better translation in the context. It’s actually not meant to be a verse that is comforting, it’s meant to be a rebuke to those who are fighting. The “be still” that you’ve heard before could also be translated as “leave off!” or just “stop!” 

-God is going to be exalted whether people acknowledge Him or not! Even those who hated Him in this life will be forced to exalt Him in the next, so here we see that while war will someday come to an end, worship won’t. God will be worshipped, either willingly or by force.  

-The last verse in this Psalm repeats what we saw in vs. 7 with the focus being God living with us, which we see happening explicitly in Jesus when we turn to the first page of the NT, Matt. 1:23, quoting Isa. 7:14, God’s plan to bring an end to the wars and fighting of the world is by entering the world as a baby. One of the ways God has predominantly worked in history is by inverting the normal ordering of the world. There’s a reason Darwinian theory argued for “survival of the fittest,” if you look at the world that’s a pretty good description of what happens! The biggest, most aggressive, most powerful seems to be the one that always wins. 

-And in that world where that’s generally true, Jesus offers something completely different where He came into the world as a baby, completely reliant on His mother’s care. He is the God who takes the weak of the world to shame the strong. In God’s kingdom, you can’t get in by your intellect, your gifting, or your strength, in fact Jesus says in order to get in you need to become like a child. And children in the 1st century weren’t viewed the same way we look at them today. For us, kids are cute, they’re a gift, but that’s the opposite of the way the world at the time of Jesus viewed them. Here’s the way historian Tom Holland in his book Dominion says it: 

-Friends, Jesus’s arrival means that the entire world order has been flipped upside down, but that really means it’s been turned right-side up again, it’s back to the way God originally intended it to be, but it came with a cost. The destruction that God talked about here was laid on the back of Jesus. That act of love for us was an act of war in the spiritual realm where the pain, suffering, and sin of the world brought destruction to the Son of God so that we could stop fighting and know that He is God. This God who invites you and me to gather together each week to cease from our working and striving and chasing after the things of the world to see the works of the Lord. The Lord who brings us together who unites our hearts to His and to each other, and who works in our lives to make us more like Him. He invites us to live as faithful exiles who aren’t out to change the world but are living careful and intentional lives of love and service of God and others. And while it doesn’t look impressive to the world, it’s the way God has chosen to transform the entire world, taking the small and weak and destroying the big and strong.

Psalm 45 – Sermon Manuscript

-I’ve got some special pictures to share with you today of one of the best days of my life. 11 years ago, on June 5, 2015, Cara and I got married. Now, I know what you’re thinking, we haven’t aged a day! We had a wonderful time that day – our friends and family all joined us in Cheyenne, WY where we had met and where I was serving as a pastor. My dad did the ceremony, Cara’s dad was the first person to pray for us as a married couple, and yes, it was just as special as the pictures made it look. We had fun taking our pictures together, and believe it or not this is exactly what I wore on my wedding day! One of the funniest moments in my ministry was when someone was talking to me about the clothes I wore to church (which hasn’t really changed much since I got into ministry). At one moment in the conversation, the person said, “would you wear those clothes to your wedding?” And I said: absolutely! The last picture I’ll share with you for this morning is this one. We got married in custom Chuck Taylors with our name on it!  

-That was an incredibly fun day! But what these pictures don’t show is the fun dates we had leading up to it, the conversations, the laughs, even the fights. Honestly, the best part of the day was us getting up early, getting Starbucks, meeting at a park and going on a walk together. No one else was around, our friends were still sleeping, and we got to chat before all the busyness descended on us. And that day began the journey that you all have been a part of for over half our married lives now! But the marriage started on that day. We saved and planned and strategized for months for it! But if there hadn’t been the work leading up to it, it wouldn’t have been the enjoyable day it was.

-Today’s Psalm is a royal wedding Psalm, and I’ll warn you, at first glance you’re going to question what to do with it! But it’s in the Bible, it’s there for a reason, it’s God’s Word, and it has some incredible implications for us today.

READ/PRAY (pg. 496)

-This is a weird Psalm for us today, I’ll just be honest. I shared with a number of people as I was starting to dig into it that I wasn’t sure what in the world to do with it! And this is one of those places where our world today is SO different from the world 3,000 years ago. What this Psalm was used for was for a royal wedding, where the king was marrying his queen. 

-Now, we’re good Americans, so that’s part of where we struggle to understand this. Our general assumption is that the world is and should be a meritocracy instead of a monarchy. At least until there’s a royal wedding in England, and then it’s all over the news. My sisters were OBSESSED with the last royal wedding. They got up early to watch it, bought books about it, and I laughed at them (meanwhile, on my honeymoon, I made Cara adjust our entire schedule so I could watch the NBA Finals, we all have our priorities, right?)

-Intro labels this a love song, only Psalm that has that label with it! Now I don’t know about you, but when I think of a love song I don’t think about the Psalms, I start thinking about Michael Buble or Bruno Mars, but God is the one who authors every love story!

  1. The King (1-9)

-The first verse is an introduction or note from the person writing the Psalm. Think of it as the master of ceremonies, introducing this special day. His comments begin similarly to what we saw last week, he’s fixated on (lit.) a “good word.” And what do you think that good word is? God’s Word! He’s saying he’s spent time reading, reflecting, and meditating on God’s Word. This is the place all of us should start! We look to God’s Word as our authority, as our grounding, as our inspiration for how we live and interpret the world around us, including in a marriage relationship. 

-That means that the writer is reflecting on God’s Word as he writes these new words. This is where we see that the Bible authors so often are thinking back to and meditating on the Bible as their inspiration and encouragement even as they write new biblical words, which is why it’s so important for us to know the Bible! We need to be able to use the Bible to interpret events in our lives today, and so that we can faithfully interpret the text itself because it builds on itself.

-Not only is he reflecting on God’s Word as a whole, these are also his gifts, so he’s being faithful to what God had commissioned him to do (think back a few weeks to when we talked about the sons of Korah being gifted by God to lead the music at the tabernacle). Each one of us is given a gift from God to be used to be a blessing to others and to be obedient to Him: are you using that gift?

-The focus of the rest of this section is on the king himself, and there’s some wording that might mean this is referencing David. For example, this first line echoes the first description of David when he was anointed in 1 Sam. 16. Second line seems to allude to another description David uses of himself in his last address in 2 Sam. 23, and the third line seems to allude to God’s covenant with David in 2 Sam 7. So even if David didn’t write it, there are enough references or allusions that make it a fair bet that it’s referring to a wedding of David.

-Then it moves to some of David’s characteristics as a king:

-He’s supposed to ride triumphantly for a purpose: truth humility, and justice. These are meant to be descriptions of a faithful king, his rule and reign is marked by these attributes. Can you imagine living under a government where everywhere it touched these attributes became more prevalent? Instead, don’t we often see governments working to conceal, build pride, and enact injustice towards their enemies? And for us today, the place where we should look for these attributes is in the church. The church is the place where God is currently ruling, which means this should be reflective of His rule and reign and should expand the cause of truth, humility, and justice.

-Not only does his rule give life, it’s also effective in conquering his enemies. He’s faithful at both protecting those under his care and defending against those who would do harm to his people.

-Turns to God in vs. 6 because the king of God’s people is meant to serve as God’s representative on earth. You’ve heard me say before that as the leader goes, so goes the nation. The king is meant to serve as a model of God to the people, and at the same time represent the people before God, so as the people say “long live the king” it’s the same thing as giving praise and honor to God. 

-Once again, the theme of justice is attached to God’s kingdom, where God rules, true and lasting justice will take place. And just as a reminder, it’s not justice in the way it often gets thrown around on social media today, it’s justice as God defines it, living according to the ways God has called us to live. 

-Vs. 7 expands on the implication of God’s reign: loving righteousness and hating wickedness. That’s a great description of a good government, isn’t it? I think this idea is repeated in 1 Peter 2, even as Peter is writing in a completely different context, where the government at his time was the Romans, who didn’t follow God and didn’t always enact true justice. Nevertheless, Peter says we’re to submit to every human authority. And look at who he includes: emperor or governors. Our role today is faithful presence, working to support the government in areas where righteousness is being supported, and push back where wickedness is being supported.

-Because David’s reign is a faithful reflection of God, God has poured out His blessings on David. As a reminder of his wedding day, he’s cloaked in fragrant and expensive spices, like wearing his favorite and most expensive cologne. 

-He’s also coming from ivory palaces. If you don’t know what ivory is made of, it’s animal teeth or tusks, and it’s priceless! This is a way of signifying the immense wealth of King David.

-And everyone is there to celebrate: other king’s daughters, the queen is there is her finest jewelry, you can see how this wedding day is a day to remember!

  • The Queen (10-15)

-Up next, we have the future queen. The first picture of a marriage we see in the Bible is in Genesis, and there we see it from the man’s perspective, the leave and cleave part of marriage. In this Psalm, we see it from the women’s perspective, she’s to forget her family for the sake of this new relationship. Marriage requires both of you (as the vows say) “forsaking all others” for the sake of each other. 

-vs. 11 is interesting, look at how the KJV translated it. This is quite the exhortation, isn’t it? Now, the Bible is timeless in that it’s God’s Word for all peoples and all time, but it was also written in a specific cultural context, and this is a reminder for us that maybe all our cultural ideas aren’t the biblical ideal. We have a tendency to read the Bible through our cultural ideas instead of taking the time to dig into the culture this was written in. We have a more egalitarian culture today, which isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it’s just something we need to be aware of when we approach the Bible. There’s only so much we can do to step outside of our cultural perspective, so just be aware of it as we approach this holy text. As each person approaches this marriage, there are different roles and responsibilities that they need to live out. The reality is men cannot bear or feed babies, I am physically incapable of that, that means there are distinct calls for men and women to live out to have a healthy marriage. Many of those are culturally conditioned, like there’s no verse that says women need to cook or men need to work outside the home, it takes both husbands and wives working hard for the sake of the other and their family for them to thrive. 

-Because of her new position and relationship with the King, she’ll get recognition and affirmation from the wealthy.

-And then we get another glimpse of the preparation for the wedding ceremony (yet another cultural difference, do you find it interesting that the men wear the spices, but the woman doesn’t?) Her clothing is crafted using the most expensive threads, her bridal court is coming with her in rejoicing and anticipation, and we assume that the wedding ceremony goes off without a hitch, otherwise the next section wouldn’t be in there!

  • The Children (16-17)

-One of the prayers for a new marriage is that they produce children. That’s been the means God has chosen for the expansion of humanity, and in this time period, children were viewed as a sign of God’s blessing on the family, so the prayer was that the king and queen would produce children which would continue to familial reign and blessing from God.

-This song is reminding the people that their prayer is for this family to continue. David’s lineage has been promised to remain on the throne forever as a sign of God’s blessing, which means David’s sons should serve as princes, so they’ll be ready to step into a kingly role.

-Because of the children serving in these roles, David’s name and lineage will be remembered forever, and as God’s representative on earth, the people will praise him. But the sad story of the Bible is that this doesn’t happen in a straight line, and only 2 generations after David’s rule, the nation splits into 2 until they were both defeated and taken into exile (which we studied this Spring when we looked at the minor prophets).

-Part of the reason we continue talking about David today is because of great King David’s greater son.

-As I mentioned at the beginning, I cringed when I first read through this Psalm this week! Not only is it focused on a wedding, it’s also family Sunday today! I also mentioned at the beginning of this series that we need to read the Psalms as focused on Jesus, but I was starting to question that when I read this! So how does this Psalm point us to Jesus? What does marriage have to do with Jesus’s work in the world?

  • The King of Kings (Heb. 1:8-9; Eph. 5:32)

-Just like many of the Psalms, this is quoted in the NT, specifically in Heb. 1. The focus of the whole book of Hebrews is to talk about how Jesus is better than any and everything else. 

-The book starts with the comparison of how God has spoken. He previously spoke by the prophets, but recently He’s spoken by His Son, and after His work He sat down next to the Father, which means Jesus is superior to the angels. 

-Then he compares Jesus to the angels through a wide variety of OT passages to demonstrate exactly how Jesus is better, he quotes from Psalm 104 to talk about angels, and then goes to quote from Psalm 45 in vs. 8-9 (just so you understand what you’re seeing in the Bible, it puts OT quotations in bold) which tells us that even in this royal wedding Psalm, it’s giving us a picture of Jesus. 

-Now, Jesus was never married. He died a single man, which should tell us that marriage doesn’t define a person, but we also know that Jesus is betrothed to a bride called the church, based on what Paul says about marriage in Eph. 5. This doesn’t take away from the original meaning of this text, but we see it today from a slightly different perspective than the first readers because there are 2 authors to each biblical text: human and divine (God), so while the human author can be thinking about 1 thing (in this case, king David and his marriage) God knows that it’s being set up for something even bigger and better than just David!

-Paul tells us the whole purpose of marriage is to be a picture to us of Jesus’s relationship to the church (the opposite isn’t true, we can’t project human marriage onto Jesus & the church). Just as Jesus loved the church and sacrificed Himself for His bride, husbands are commanded to lay down their lives for the sake of their wives. That’s how we live out Jesus’ reign today, His reign that brings about truth, humility, and justice, and it requires all of us individually and collectively living in that reality, married and single. Because even if you’re here and you’re not married, you are showing the reality of life in between Jesus’s 2 comings. You’re betrothed to a King who loves you and has been preparing for your eventual wedding. Rev. 19:7-8 tells us the story of that day: So here we get the full picture: Jesus is waiting for us as His bride, and our job is to ensure we’re dressing ourselves in the right clothes: our righteous acts.

In the Church – Sermon Manuscript

-We’re in our last week looking at the Nicene Creed! We’ve broken it down into the 3 persons of the Godhead: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, this week we’ll be looking at the institution that represents that Trinity today: the church.

-And once again, I found another bad creed for us to look at, from an organization that claims to represent all “progressive Christians”

-“Inherently evolving and always progressing” how does that relate to Jude 3-4? A faith that was “once for all” delivered to the saints? Should Christianity always be evolving? No! That’s the amazing thing about it, it’s true forever. Now it can be applied differently depending on the context, but Christianity itself will never change!

-Is Jesus THE Way, truth, and life, or not? 

  1. One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic

-These 4 words have often become referred to as the 4 characteristics of the church, and I think we need all of them together because each new generation needs different reminders. We also need to be careful not to project current issues onto what the early church meant here. When we read “one” today, we tend to kind of chuckle to ourselves because of the abundance of denominations we have today. I found 1 article online that said there are over 50,000 “Christian” denominations around the world, and we’ll look at that in a minute, but think of what these 4 words together mean: it distinguishes them all from the different heretical sects that were popping up all over (one of which was Arius). And each one of these are brought up throughout the Bible as something Christians should be pursuing together. So let’s take each one in turn!

-What does it mean that the church is one? This signifies the unity that’s supposed to be true of Christ’s church, and this is literally something that Jesus prayed for during His last night on earth. Look at what He prays in John 17:

-First of all, I’m going to point this out every time we read this text, but I think it’s just amazing that Jesus prays for us. He’s facing His death and He takes the time to pray for anyone who will believe in Him. Another way of saying that is He’s praying for the church throughout all history. But look at what He prays for: that they would be one. He says it 3 different times!

-And look at the outworking of this: so that the world would know that Jesus was sent and that we’re loved by Jesus. But how can we confess that the church is one when there’s so many different churches that look & act differently from each other? And I want to propose potentially a different way of thinking through the unity of the church. There are 2 things we need to think through in relation to this: first we need a way of defining what actually is a church because it’s more than just meeting together (JW and Mormons meet together, and as I shared in the 1 sermon in this series, they also claim to be Christians. We’ll look at that more when we get to baptism). But secondly, what if, instead of being inconsistent with the differences between church and denominations, those are actually markers of unity?

-One of the biggest questions philosophers wrestle with is the connection between groups and individuals. How can there be unity & diversity at the same time? And I think it’s getting us back to the Trinity! The creation is pointing to the Creator who is united as 1 God who exists as 3 persons. So what if the different true churches are representative of the eternal God who can’t be contained by any 1 church or denomination? A couple things that might help illustrate this for you: how many families do we have represented in this room? Quite a few! Does every family look and act exactly the same? Nope! Even though we spend time together, even though we worship the same God, there’s variety in these families, just like there’s variety in church families. If that doesn’t help, think of all the various sandwich shops we have, kids, I need your help to list some of them! Subway, Jimmy Johns, Jersey Mikes, Erberts & Gerbets, and because I’m from Northfield, Hogan Bros. Every one of those places is taking basically the same ingredients (some places have better ingredients than others), and putting them into a similar vehicle for calorie delivery to your mouth, right? So again, we have unity and diversity in the way these sandwiches are compiled. It’s similar in the church, where each local expression of the church will do some things better than others, but together we better represent the unity and diversity in the Godhead. With that in mind, I want to look at one more passage:

-Paul also talks about this in Eph. 4 where he has a running list of “ones.” He calls the church a body, and it’s hard for one body to be divided, isn’t it? So while I do believe that the various expressions of church help us represent God, there is still the call for us to pursue unity and work to break down some of the divides that we see between true churches around us (true is important there).

-What does it mean that the church is holy? This is a way of saying the church is set apart, sacred, unique, but this marker also signifies that we’re supposed to represent God. Peter talks about this in 1 Peter (quoting a few passages from Lev.)

-And notice how Peter begins this section: children. We’re operating under the assumption that we’re brought in as adopted children of God, which changes the focus of this holiness. It’s not pursuing holiness as a way to earn God’s recognition or to get Him to like you, it’s pursuing holiness because you know that He loves you and desires your flourishing. And because you know that God wants the best for you, it means obeying the things He’s told us to do.

-As I brought up earlier, we know that each family has “traits” that set them apart from other families, you all have told me how much my kids look alike, and there’s literally nothing they can do about it! But there’s also certain habits or patterns that my kids pick up that I can do something about. The foods we eat, the games we play, the inside jokes we have, and that’s also meant to be true in the church! When the world looks at the true church, they’re supposed to see God represented in us and through us, which means holiness should be a family trait they see!

-What does it mean that the church is catholic? This word “catholic” is taking from word that means “universal,” NOT referring to the Roman Catholic Church (notice that the word is lower case when I didn’t capitalize it, meaning it’s not a proper noun). And we see this in Jesus’s last words in Matt. The church is supposed to have disciples in all nations!

-Each church I’ve been at I’ve introduced reciting various historical creeds, confessions, or catechisms (like we do here) and each time I’ve had someone get upset with me when they’re first introduced because we’re Protestants and not Catholics! Unfortunately, there has been a tendency to conflate church history with Roman Catholic, and that’s not a helpful way to view church history. Gavin Ortlund has done some fantastic YT videos from a particularly Baptist perspective on church history, if you want to learn more about church history from a Protestant and baptistic perspective, watch him!

-All that to say, when we confess that we’re a part of the catholic church, we’re saying that we trace our heritage all the way back to Jesus! It’s confessing that we’re a part of the global church today, connected to the historic church of the past, and will remain a part of the church into eternity!

-What does it mean that the church is apostolic? Just as I said, we’re tracing our beliefs back to Jesus, and His first apostles. Look at what Jesus said to Peter in Matt. 16

-We’ve looked at this other times, the rock that the church is being built on is Peter’s confession that Jesus is the Christ, it’s not being built on Peter being the first Pope (which is why Jesus 3 verses later changes Peter’s nickname to Satan!)

-But do you see the authority that Jesus is giving to the church? The binding and loosing is in terms of recognizing and affirming the salvation of the future disciples. That’s an unbelievably weighty task! Now I want to be careful about this because I know your ears may have just pricked up: isn’t salvation by grace alone, through faith alone, in Jesus Christ alone? Yes, but the moment you’re saved you’re brought into a family that recognizes and affirms that you’re a part of this family.

-One of the early church fathers, writing in the 3rd century (so before the Nicene Creed) wrote an entire book titled “On the Unity of the Catholic Church” (again, catholic meaning universal). In that book, he stated the importance of the church this way: but then he went even further and also said: Once again, we need to caveat this a bit because Roman Catholics have taken this the wrong way to say that outside the church they’ve created there’s no salvation, what Cyprian is pointing to is the reality that God’s representatives on earth right now are found in the church. Think back to the great commission that we read earlier in Matt. 28, who is that charge given to? It’s not given to individuals, the command is given in the plural, saying YOU ALL TOGETHER go and make disciples.

-Jesus founded the church as His earthly representation in this time between His comings and for us to follow after Jesus, we must be a part of the church, and since I talk about it so much, this is another one of the reasons I emphasize membership so much. Membership is a modern day response attempting to live out what Jesus has commanded because every human relationship requires a commitment on the part of both parties involved.

  • Markers of the Church

-This only talks about baptism, not the Lord’s Supper, but we believe those are the 2 markers that help us get at what a true church is (our denomination SOF says it this way). Before we look at those, though, one of the common critiques from Protestants to this creed is the forgiveness of sins (which I just mentioned comes only through faith in Jesus), so is this Creed saying that baptism is required for salvation? This is picking up on Peter’s words at Pentecost in Acts 2:

-Do you see the way repentance and baptism are intertwined? Baptism is meant to serve as a marker of the entry point of faith. Baptism is often the first step of obedience when the Lord has saved you, and the New Testament has no category for someone who is not baptized. Throughout the NT these 2 things are intimately connected together. You can also read Rom. 6 to see the picture Paul gives assuming that every Christian has been baptized.

-The other reality we confess about baptism is that there is “one” and we can see that in Eph. 4. This means that you shouldn’t be baptized more than once, that would be like asking to be born again (and I know that none of your mothers would sign up for that!) If you, any of you, have trusted in Jesus as your Savior, we would LOVE to baptize you here! We will fill up this tank anytime someone talks to us and expresses a desire to be baptized, so if that is any of you, please talk to me or anyone else on staff here and we’ll set up a time to talk about the significance of baptism and what it looks like.

-One other important thing to note about this creed is that it’s a summary of the bare minimum doctrines, but it isn’t a complete list of things that you need to practice or affirm to be a Christian. For example, baptism is only 1 of the ordinances Jesus gave to the church, the other is the Lord’s Supper. As I shared at the beginning of this series, creeds are written in response to questions or issues being raised, so at the time these statements were enough to articulate what the church is. 1200 years later, another confession was written that was working to distinguish the true church vs. false churches, and look at their summary: 3 things: correct preaching of the gospel, practicing of the sacraments (or ordinances) of baptism & communion, and church discipline (which I believe is a subset of the Lord’s Supper, email me if you want to know why).

-And I want to take some time to walk through the connection between those 2 things, because they are connected to each other, but most of the time we don’t think about their relationship. In fact, I’ve gotten into some debates with some pastors over this connection before! And that debate is: who should celebrate communion? And to answer that we need to think about what each sacrament is connected to. Baptism, as I shared earlier, is connected to repentance and the moment you’re saved. The Bible doesn’t have a category for an unbaptized Christian, which means anyone who is following Jesus should be baptized as a step of obedience to the Bible. Communion is connected to the ongoing sanctification (being made holy) of the believer, which I believe means you shouldn’t celebrate communion before you have been baptized, hence why I’ve shared before in various settings that I would discourage children from celebrating the Lord’s Supper until they have been baptized, because I don’t think it’s right to celebrate the ongoing practices until you have celebrated the beginning practice. There’s a logical connection to these 2 things that we need to keep in mind. This is also the historic practice of the church. The Didache (late 1st or early 2nd century document describing the practice of the church) says this:

-That being said, because I can’t point to a chapter and verse that makes this practice explicit I don’t believe it’s a sin if you get these out of order, and in my debates with people I’ve had people ask me: if someone got saved today would I bar them from the table? No! But the normal practice should be: saved, baptism, Lord’s Supper. And parents, you have a role to play in this: talk to your kids about what each of those ordinances mean! And if you don’t know how, talk to Erin because she’s a master at collecting books and resources to equip you to help your kids take 1 step closer to Jesus! Kids: talk to your parents about these things! And if you have put your trust in Jesus, talk to your parents about being baptized!

  • The Future Church

-This first phrase would have been viewed as ridiculous to most of the world at the time! What do you mean there’s a resurrection of the dead?! We need to squeeze as much pleasure out of this world as we possibly can, because once we’re gone that’s it! And I hate to break it to you, but that’s not Christianity. Christianity tells us that this world is broken, but redeemed, and that one day all the brokenness will be fixed, and the reason we can trust that is because someone told us that, and then He proved His words by rising from the dead.

-One of the most helpful passages for us to meditate on in relation to this is 1 Cor. 15. Paul tells us the necessity of the resurrection of the body because if there is no resurrection, then even Jesus is still dead, and if Jesus is still dead, then we have no reason to put our faith in Him. And it gets worse! Paul says if our only hope is in this world then everyone else should pity for us. But Jesus has been raised from the dead, which means the only people who should be pitied are those who don’t put their faith in Him!

-And Paul connects that reality to us for the rest of this section. Do you see how he refers to Jesus as the firstfruits here? That’s a way of saying Jesus is the picture of what we someday will be like. Those who belong to Christ will be resurrected just like Him, someday in the future when death itself is defeated and undone.

-And friends, the Bible also tells us about the life in the world to come, and the guy who told us what it will be like is the same one who rose from the dead, and since He’s the only guy who can claim that, I’m going to stick with His suggestions. Look at the picture we get of this new life in the last chapter of the Bible, Rev. 22

-In the new Jerusalem, after Jesus comes back, the city is divided by the river of the water of life. No more death exists there! And do you see the sources of this life? The throne of God and the Lamb. God is the source of all our life (remember last week we saw the Lifegiver?). And the tree of life produces fruit each month, the nations are healed, and the curse of sin is the only things that’s dead. And this life will never end! It says we will reign forever and ever.

-And the whole creed appropriately ends with a Hebrew word that means “this is true.” Which also happens to be the last word in the Bible, which is connected to another promise from Jesus. Jesus says that He is coming soon (which is a relative term when you compare it to eternity!)

-So John’s response: Amen, yes, this is true! And we respond inviting Jesus to return, but until that time we ask for the Lord’s grace to be with all of us, and just to reiterate that this is true, the Bible ends with this note of praise: amen. Yes, let it be true!

-We’ve made it all the way through this creed; how do we take this and begin applying it to our lives?

-First, we read and reflect on this as our pledge of allegiance to this Trinitarian God who exists as Father, Son, and Spirit, and we fall on our faces in worship of this mysterious reality that brings us into the loving relationship of this God.

-Second, we use this as a reminder of what is most important in our faith, this summary of God’s plan in salvation to rescue, reconcile, and redeem a people for Himself. This reminder of what the church throughout history and the world together believes and confesses as the mark of orthodoxy.

-Finally, because of the way this creed (and the Bible) ends, we use it as a reminder to hope! Jesus is coming soon, so we say: amen and amen, this is true, so come, Lord Jesus, come!

In the Holy Spirit

-Looking at the Nicene Creed in celebration of it’s 1,701st birthday. But each week, we’re also looking at a different creed to see why we need to have creeds. I’m guessing you’ve seen this one before, there’s a house in my neighborhood that has it up:

Let’s think about what this is saying:

-Black lives matters. I agree! As the nursery rhyme that I still sing to my kids says: Jesus loves the little children of the world, red and yellow, black and white. But, we have to differentiate between this statement the organization Black Lives Matter. BLM as an organization has some major disagreements with Christian faith, but we as Christians can affirm that black lives do indeed matter! 

-Science is real: science is merely observation, this is as helpful as saying “science says…” science doesn’t “say” anything, scienTISTS can say things as they interpret data and observations.

-Love is love: we talked about that one last week.

-Kindness is everything: have you looked at gas prices? I can’t use kindness to fill up my tank! It’s a ridiculous platitude that’s meant to give warm fuzzies but doesn’t mean anything!

-And Christians can be guilty of doing the same thing: I’m “pan” millennial, we’ll see how it all “pans” out, I’m as Calvinist as the Bible says and as Arminian as the Bible says. Study these issues! Those are an excuse to be lazy, and God doesn’t call people to laziness! Friends, this is why we need creeds in our lives to help protect us from laziness or theological drift. A friend sent me this yard sign that if anyone wants to buy for me I will gladly stick in my front yard:

-I’m going to ask you to stand for the reading of God’s Word, but we’re going to do something a little bit different, I’m just going to read them to you and ask you to listen and not follow along in your Bibles quite yet because I want to read the primary texts that get to what we’re studying today.

Gen. 1:1-2; Luke 1:26-35, 4:1, 14-15, John 14:15-26, 16:12-15

  1. The Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed

-Technically, the creed we’ve been studying is referred to this way instead of just the Nicene Creed, because there are 2 editions of this. I shared at the beginning of this series that we’re celebrating 1700 years since this was written, but that’s only partially true. The conversation continued over the next decades, so in 381 they landed on the finalized version of the Nicene Creed that continues to be used through today.

-Now before we look at the biggest difference, I want to remind us where we’re starting and the reason this Creed even exists. God is the creator of everything, but there’s a hard line between God and creation, you’ve seen this each week. Arius worked hard to emphasize the one-ness of God and thus argued that Jesus has to go below the line. He argued that since Jesus was “begotten” then there had to have been a time when He was not. But the council, tracing what the Bible said, disagreed with that argument and said that Jesus Himself claimed to be one with the Father, therefore Jesus is above the line.

-The next question they had to work through gets us back to the beginning of last week’s section, where it said that Jesus’s work was “for us and for our salvation.” How do we bridge this divide? History traces humanity’s attempts at building a ladder to try to get up there, most specifically seen at Babel where humans did their best to reach the realm of the gods (in the heavens above), but despite humanity’s attempts, there is nothing that can bridge this gap. God exists completely outside of His creation, we can’t do anything to get up to Him, which means He has to come down to us, which just so happens to be the story we see in the Bible! Out of the overflow of God’s inner love comes the physical created world that is created to love God and love each other. But how can we be brought into that Trinitarian love? That’s where we need the Holy Spirit living in us, which the 325 edition of this creed didn’t articulate very much, here’s the comparison:

-The first edition made a basic statement that didn’t give much clarity, which meant guess which debate came next? Yeah, people trying to argue that the Holy Spirit was less than God. There was a group that called themselves the Pneumatomachi (side note, but if you’re going to create a heretical cult, this is a great name to use) which is Greek for “Spirit-fighters.” Just as Arius denied that Jesus was fully God, this group denied that the Holy Spirit was fully God, proposed by a guy name Macedonius. So how did the church respond? They convened another council to re-articulate and defend what the Bible says by fleshing out what they meant when they said “and in the Holy Spirit” previously.

-This takes place all the time, like you know how policies and laws always get created in response to something happening? That’s exactly what’s taking place here. At a previous church I was at, there was a policy in the wedding manual (but nowhere else) that banned Dungeons and Dragons, which means it could be played anytime EXCEPT when a wedding is going on! I would have LOVED to have known what happened that led to the banning of a board game because you know it was in response to some funny story!

-1 other big difference between these 2 editions is what is included after the section on the Holy Spirit: 

-This was removed in the 381 version because they wanted to use it as devotional and liturgical statement to be used in the church and by Christians.

-hypostasis and ousia are used as synonyms here (untranslated to be able to see what exactly is being said) and ensuring that Arius couldn’t use his preferred word and get away with it. Hypostatis refers to personhood or being, and ousia is the same thing (at this time). Eventually, hypostatis is the preferred term in referring to the persons of the Trinity, so what we looked at last week is what theologians call “the hypostatic union,” Jesus having 2 natures but 1 Being or essence. And if you’re already confused, then use that confusion to marvel at our God whose ways and thoughts are above anything we can ever imagine!

-So now let’s all recite the Niceno-Constantinopolitan creed together again (and I hope some of you are taking the time to memorize it throughout the week! There are papers at the tables on your way out if you haven’t gotten one yet!)

-This last phrase I’m breaking up into 2 weeks, this week we’ll just look at the Holy Spirit, next week we’ll look at where He’s at work: in the church. 

  • The Life-Giver

-I intentionally pulled this word out even though it’s not the first word used to describe him because I love this summary of the Spirit’s work, and the Greek is 1 compound word “life-giver.” Have you ever thought of the Sprit as the one who gives life? We read Gen. 1 earlier which explicitly mentions the Spirit being involved in creation. We know from other passages in the NT that the Son is also involved in creation, so we see from the beginning the Trinitarian nature of God.

-This is intentionally mean to contrast with the dead. Think of what Rom. 8:11 says: the Holy Spirit’s role in salvation is literally to bring us from death to life spiritually. 

-And we also see the role of the Spirit in the act of creation twice. First in the verses we read earlier where the Spirit is involved in bringing life to the primordial chaos, but then we see His work implied when the text focuses on the creation of humans in Gen. 2: notice that it’s not until the man is giving breath that he becomes a living being, so the Spirit’s role is to give life.

-We read these verses earlier, too, but that theme comes up again in the new creation of Jesus inside Mary’s womb. Look at how both Luke and Matthew describe what happened.

-Back to the creed: the Lord, the same as Jesus, pointing to unity between Son & Spirit

-The ordering is both biblical & logical. We started with the Father, then talked about the Son, and now we’re getting to the Holy Spirit, and that’s the reason we refer to them as the first, second, and third persons of the Godhead. It’s not significance, it’s the way God reveals Himself to us. 

-What is “proceeds”? Another word theologians will use in reference to the Spirit is the word “spiration” which just means breath.

-They’re trying to answer the question: how do we talk about the distinctions within the godhead? How do we determine the difference between the Son & the Spirit? Last week we looked at the word “begotten” in relation to Son seen from John 3:16, proceeds is the word chosen to refer to the Spirit’s relation because of John 15:26 (remember, they’re working to define how the Bible reveals God to us) so we see that the Spirit proceeds from the Father, while the Son is begotten from the Father.

-we’ll talk about the part in brackets as the third point, so hold onto that

-The theme in this next section is the Greek word syn being used repeatedly in this section, it means “with” or “together.”

-a literal way of trying to translate this idea would make zero sense in English in most cases, but it appears 3 times: “with”, “co-worshipped” and “co-glorified” attempting to signify that we worship God as Father, Son, and Spirit.

-Something I’ve been mulling over for a few years that comes out of this: do we pray to the Spirit? And I at times struggle to land on some of this discussion because there’s so many excesses of conversation that we need to avoid, but that doesn’t mean we should stop thinking, studying, or learning about the HS, but if the HS is God, then shouldn’t we also pray to Him? 

-I also think emphasis matters, because the primary focus throughout Scripture is on the Father (think of the Lord’s Prayer, how does it begin?), the second emphasis is on the Son, and the third emphasis is on the Spirit, which means if we’re following the Bible our addressing of God should follow a similar pattern where we direct our prayers to our Father, addressing him through the Son, and we do so in the indwelling power of the Holy Spirit. And even the work of the HS is meant to focus our minds in a specific direction: towards Jesus.

-I love what Charles Spurgeon said about this idea in one of his devotionals: Friends, part of the reason we struggle with sin is because we’re too busy looking at our sin or at ourselves instead of looking to Christ! Ask the Holy Spirit to focus your eyes on Jesus instead of yourself! 
-As always, because we’re in the realm of God, there’s more that could be said, but we don’t have time to dig into it today! I have plenty of books for you if you want to borrow them!

-The last phrase on the Holy Spirit gets to the realm of speaking. Have you ever considered the reality that our God speaks? And not just that God speaks, but sometimes God speaks through people! Where it says the prophets here, just replace it with “the Bible.” Anytime we see the Spirit speaking it’s going to drive us back to the Bible, and we see examples of that throughout Scripture:

-Look at what David says in 2 Sam. 23:2. Who is that spoke through David? The Spirit!

-Look how the author of Hebrews refers to the OT in 3:7. He’s quoting Psalm 95 there, but who does it say was speaking in Psalm 95? The HS!

-But it’s not just the OT the whole Bible is inspired by the same Spirit! 2 Tim. 3:16-17 tells us that ALL Scripture is “inspired by God” is trying to translate another compound Greek word made up of God + breath/Spirit, some translations have “God-breathed”, again inspired by the Spirit, and notice the goal of this inspiration: for us to be complete and ready for every good work (which comes about through the Spirit working in us)

-The last example of the Spirit speaking through Scripture: 2 Peter 1:21. I love the picture Peter paints here! “carried along” God working in them, but not leaving them off the hook, all this comes because the third person of the Trinity lives within us in some mysterious way through faith.

-Not let’s get into the most debated phrase of this whole thing: 

  • Filioque

-If you don’t know Latin, this word is Latin for “and the Son.”

-Let’s go back to the verse for the wording of this creed “proceeds” in John 15:26

-It sure looks like the Son is somehow involved in this process, right? And there’s other passages like John 14:16, once again Jesus is involved in the sending of the Spirit, even if the Spirit doesn’t “proceed” from the Son.

-The biggest debate about this whole creed is whether or not to include “and the Son” of for the procession of the HS. This is pointed to as the reason for the split of the church between the east and the west. The phrase wasn’t added to the creed until 589 (200 years later), at a Western council in Toledo, Spain

-And this wasn’t a trivial matter! One of the eastern bishops named Photius wrote in 866 (pardon the French): do you see how strongly he’s condemning the phrase?

-And he has a point! Notice the word ecumenical, we tend to view that word with at least skepticism today, if not outright dismissal as someone who pursues just the lowest common denominator in theology instead of taking a stance, in this case view it positively as something the whole church together affirms.

-We’re Western Christians, we’re products of affirming that the Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, but is that the best way to describe their relationship?

-Some terms theologians use to help us understand are in Latin: one refers to the mysterious inner workings of the Trinity that we can’t fully understand, the other refers to the external workings of the Trinity (and if you go digging into this further you’ll find that theologians will also refer to this distinction as the economic or the immanent Trinity, economic as the external workings, immanent as the internal)

-And if you just got more confused: we need a way of distinguishing between the work of God Himself versus the way we experience him in the history of salvation. For example, we can say that God lives in us from the moment we’re saved, but we can’t say the Son lives in us. Similarly we can say that Mary is the mother of God (another early church debate!), but we can’t say that Mary is the mother of the Father. Or one more example, we can say that God died, but we can’t say that the Father died.

-The phrase “and the Son” wasn’t in the original, so it shouldn’t be considered a marker of orthodoxy, but we do have to acknowledge some kind of relationship between the Son and the Spirit. Maximus the Confessor (another great name) said it should be proceeds from the Father through the Son.

-Words matter, definitions of words matter, and God’s revelation matters above all of them! And one of the joys of being a Protestant (that’s another church history issue for another time) is we can look at some of these debates as outside observers who continually go back to the Bible and try to defend what the Bible says. So a couple passages that I think help us get some more glimpses into the Trinity:

John 16 shows the Spirit obeying Jesus, and says that everything the Father has is also Jesus’s, which you could argue that if the Spirit proceeds from the Father, then He must also proceed from the Son.

-In contrast to that, Mark 1 tells the account of Jesus’s baptism where all 3 persons of the Trinity are glimpsed together, Jesus in the water, the Spirit like a dove, and the Father affirming His Son. But then what happens to Jesus? He obeys the Spirit. And once again, we’re left with a mystery as to how the Godhead works “ad intra” or internally. We experience the Trinity “ad extra” and the Spirit (through the Son) brings us into this loving relationship within the Trinity, but we will never completely understand how this relationship works. And each time we bring up this mystery, we need to fall on our face in worship of this God. 

-I want to end our study on the HS today in John 20. Because of what God has done for us through His Son and in the Spirit living in us, we have peace with God. But the Spirit living in us is also the reason we’re still here in the world. The Spirit living in us is the reason Jesus sends us out into the world to both show the world the love God has for them, and to live holy lives in the world as a picture of what it means to follow Jesus.

-There’s also a note in here about sins, which leads us into the Lord’s Table. The church is the place where we gather each week to remember what’s truly true: that we have been adopted into this family of God that comes from the Father, through the Son, and in the Spirit. This family allows you to have your sins forgiven and together works towards ensuring the purity of Christ’s bride. 

In One God – Sermon Manuscript

-My parents offered to watch the kids last night, so Cara and I got to go out for a date night, and we tried a new to us place called Crisp & Green in AV. Decent salads and smoothies if you’re looking for a salad! But they had something on the wall that serves as a perfect illustration of why we need to study something like the Nicene Creed: 

-I’m not sure about you, but I’m not looking to a salad place to tell me what to believe! Also, what does it mean to be 100% authentic? There’s all sort of different creeds that people hold to today (one of which is always be 100% authentic to yourself). But what is a Christian creed? What do we claim to believe in?

-We’re going to kick this series off reading from Deut. 6:4-8 (pg. 157)

-Our bread and butter here is picking a book of the Bible and walking through it. But how do we know how to interpret what’s in the Bible? Another way of asking this question is: how do we know which interpretation is the correct one? I share this regularly when I preach, but there are debates about all sorts of things in the Bible! The correct translation of specific words, the authors meaning behind the words, why some authors use words differently (if you want to wade into the waters look at the different ways Paul and James use the word “works”). One way the church (when I say that, I’m referring to the universal church) has tried to answer that question is by creating creeds, or statements of belief. Generally, these occur in response to specific questions or issues that are brought up as people start digging into Scripture, and the earliest debates in the church were focused on the question of how Jesus could be God. How could a first-century Jewish man who ate, walked, breathed, and slept be the Creator and sustainer of the universe? Especially when at the core of the Jewish faith is the confession that the Lord our God the Lord is one. I’ll mention this now as a teaser, but the big debate centers on this picture: where does Jesus fit in the understanding that God is unique when there’s a hard line between God and creation, does Jesus go above or below the line?

-One of the first things we have to admit is that in order for us to know God, He has to come down to our level. John Calvin, in his institutes, said, “God, in so speaking, lisps with us as nurses are wont to do with little children.” He’s saying that any talk God does to us is like baby talk, which is good for us, but it also means there are things that are said that we can’t fully understand, if we could completely understand God then He wouldn’t be God, we would! So then as we dig into what God has revealed, it takes some work and effort for us to figure out exactly what is meant in this “baby talk.”

-We also need to do some (what I have previously called) “Theological tune-up” from time to time! It’s worth trying to take some of what the Bible says and putting it together into a coherent system of belief (which is called systematic theology). I’ve shared this picture before, but it bears repeating as a reminder of how we grow in our knowledge and understanding of God. Exegesis is working to answer the question what does the text say? Biblical theology answers the question how has God revealed His word organically and historically, tracing various themes and ideas throughout the whole Bible. Historical theology answers the question how has the church historically understood this text? Systematic theology answers the question what does the Bible say about certain topics? And finally, pastoral theology answers how should humans respond to God’s revelation? We need all of these disciplines, but they’re often segmented off from each other, and in preaching the tendency is to do exegesis and then jump to pastoral theology without doing any further work. This series is intentionally taking some time to drill down into systematic theology, how do we put together what the Bible says about God? And all of these areas of study shape and inform each other in a feedback loop to help us grow in our understanding of what God has spoken to us. We need all of them working together to help us.

-I also like being late to the party, last year was the 1700th anniversary of the writing of the Nicene Creed, so I thought we should look at it, but I’d rather look at it after everyone else has already done it! My hope by the end of this series is that some of you have this creed memorized! So instead of doing a key verse in the sermon notes for this series, I’ve printed off some half sheets that have the whole thing on them, and the elders are also working to memorize it to recite at our meeting next month (so feel free to ask them how they’re memorization is coming). We’ll ALSO be singing a song after the sermon each week that helps us learn the words to this creed and move to a proper response. The words are also going to be on the screen each week, so would you please recite this creed with me (modern translation that I linked to in the sermon preview)

  1. What is a Creed?

-At the most basic level, a creed is an articulation of right belief, it’s where we get the word orthodoxy from 2 Greek words: orthos meaning straight or correct, and doxa meaning praise or belief. And that’s just 1 of the orthos, because for Christians the end goal isn’t just orthodoxy, the end goal of correct belief is orthopraxy (praxis Greek doing or practice) which is guided by orthocardia (right emotions), this is loving God correctly with all our heart, mind, soul, strength. This is meant to be a means of aligning what it is we believe with each other.

-Sometimes creeds were called symbols (from the Latin symbolum) which served as a sign or a token of being on the same side. For example, imagine a soldier is approaching a building at night, it’s dark outside, so the soldier standing guard says, “Halt! Who goes there?” and this army has a response that means they’re on the same side (open sesame). Another meaning of the symbolum is a pledge of allegiance giving from a solider when they were inducted into the army, they were given a creed something to recite that served as their confession in. Similarly for Christians, when they were baptized, they were pledging their allegiance to this God. 

-There are a number of what we could call “creeds” throughout the Bible (different than other creeds because these are all inspired), but there are numerous phrases that were used to identify God’s people throughout Scripture. One of the common phrases I’ve heard from Evangelicals is “No creed but the Bible.” And I understand and empathize with that impulse, but as soon as we say that we’re actually enacting a creed! And even more difficult: what do we do when heretical groups claim the same thing, as we’ll see with Mormons and Jehovah’s Witnesses? Really briefly, a few examples of what could be viewed as creeds throughout the Bible:

-We read this one earlier, Deut. 6, and do you see how this is God’s people pledging their allegiance to Him alone? God’s Words are to be at the forefront of everything they do.

-Another example is found in 1 Cor. 15, Paul quotes something that he says he received. That is he didn’t make it up or come up with it, it was passed down to him, and then he passes it down to the churches he plants and supports. 

-Another one is thought to be found in 1 Tim. 3, which again focuses on Jesus.

-Finally, there’s a few different places where we have a VERY short creedal statement, I’ll use Rom. 10:9, but it’s also found in 1 Cor. 12:3, Phil. 2:11, and that is the proclamation that Jesus is Lord. It’s a confession of truth, of aligning ourselves to this specific God who took on flesh as the God-man Jesus.

  • Why Study a Creed?

-The first and most important reason is because creeds provide guardrails that serve as protection from heresy. One brief caveat here before I continue, that word is used far too loosely today by so many online organizations that become “heresy hunters” who are trying to condemn as many people as they can! It’s not a Christian virtue to constantly be looking for problems in others. I have a pastor friend who likes to say that Christians are called to operate with the perspective of love, which means we assume the best about others, we don’t operate with the perspective of skepticism, that’s not a Christian virtue. That being said, heresy is still a real thing that we need to be aware of! So a few examples of groups today who deny the Nicene Creed, and why we need to understand what this creed is saying:

-We’ll start with Jehovah’s Witnesses (of which Michal Jackson was a part of, and so was Prince). On their website under what they believe they say: 

-Do you notice that they’re quoting the Bible to back up what they believe? Does that mean that they’re orthodox in those beliefs? Absolutely not! In fact, I often see JWs at the library when we take our kids there, with their displays to try to convince others to join this heretical cult! 

-What about the group formerly known as Mormons (LDS)? Here’s a quote from their website from an article titled “Becoming Like God.” Distinct beings, unity of the divine. What is divine, and what are beings? But Joseph Smith said some pretty crazy things too, like: Does any of that sound like what we read in the Bible, or like what we read about in the Nicene Creed?

-One more modern-day example: United Pentecostal Church International (oneness penecostalism) again deny the Trinity. There aren’t 3 persons of the Godhead, they are 3 “modes” or perceptions of God. They even explicitly state that they baptize only in the name of Jesus.

-Do you see how they’re taking the Bible and twisting and distorting it to fit their ideas? They even reference various verses but then ignore or gloss over any verses that don’t fit within their ideas. This is why we need creeds to correct the areas where we may be tempted to twist the Bible. As an example, my kids will often ask the question “Does ____ believe in God?” So YouTube stars, actors, basketball players, etc. And that’s fine for their age, but as you get older you know it’s not enough to ask that question, you need to go to the second question of WHICH God someone believes in. The Nicene Creed tells us which God is the God of the Bible that we should worship.

-Secondly, it allows us to avoid what CS Lewis called “chronological snobbery.” Friends, we are not the first Christians to live! God has been at work among His people for millennia, and it helps us to know and love God by learning from the examples of those who have wrestled through various issues in the past.

-A secondary question to the above is why study of THIS creed (besides it being the 1701st anniversary of it). Because it’s the most important creed in church history. It’s the only creed that has been affirmed by every branch of orthodox Christianity (not the eastern orthodox church), thus serves as a good foundation for “theological triage.” If you haven’t heard that before, you haven’t been coming here very long! We need a way of ranking specific doctrines, because denying some of them would land put you in heresy, but other doctrines have a wide margin of belief to them and you’re not in doubt of worshipping the wrong God. 

-If you noticed when we recited it, it’s broken down nicely into 3 sections that all begin with “We believe” and each section refers to 1 person of the Godhead: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The trinity is what separates Christianity from every other religion that has ever been created, and whatever language we use for it is going to fall short in some area. We’re entering into the realm of the divine when we talk about theology, which means there’s going to be things that our human minds can’t completely comprehend. There’s also no analogy that accurately describes the Trinity (egg and clover they’re all separate, water can’t be all 3 at the same time, human as father, son, and husband only gets to the relational aspect of the trinity but breaks down into modalism). 

-In an attempt to simplify some of this conversation, there are 7 statements that are true about God, which are all found in this picture. So if you can start to understand this picture, you’re starting to grasp the one true God who has revealed Himself to His creation. 1. The Father is God. 2. The Son is God. 3. The Holy Spirit is God. 4. The Father is not the Son. 5. The Son is not the Holy Spirit. 6. The Holy Spirit is not the Father. 7. There is only one God.

-I’ve shared this story a couple times before, but it bears repeating as we begin this series. In seminary, you’re required to take some theology classes, which means we got to read a few books about theology. In talking about the Trinity, my professor said because we’re in the realm of God, we have a “mystery” card to play, but that doesn’t mean as soon as we enter into that realm we jump to waving the “mystery” white flag, we need to put in the work before we jump to the mystery. Our focus over the next 4 weeks is going to be exploring the beautiful doctrine of the Trinity, what theologian Fred Sanders calls “the happy land of the Trinity.” Even the word “trinity” isn’t in the Bible, it’s a word that humans came up with to describe this picture: tri (3) unity.

-Why was this creed written? In response to an early church debate that was taking place. There was a bishop (elder/pastor) named Arius who was trying to uphold the unity (oneness) and uniqueness of God. If God is one, then that means that even the Son had to be created by God. He was picking up the terminology from one of the most well-known Bible verses: John 3:16 (in the old NKJV that I memorized it in), begotten means there was a beginning time, right? That’s how it works with humans, I begot my kids, there was a time before they existed. Unfortunately, we can’t project the way humans work unto God. So when Arius was reading this, he equated begotten with created, but that’s not what is meant by this statement. God’s begetting is connecting to the way they relate to each other, not the way ordering of the Godhead (we’ll get there, don’t worry!). But Arius began teaching this, and apparently even created catchy songs that were spread across the Mediterranean by sailors (Athanasius said the songs weren’t even very good).

-Recently converted emperor Constantine, in order to protect the unity of his kingdom convened this council that met in Nicea to determine who was right: Arius or Alexander (bishop of Alexandria). Over 300 bishops convened, and there wasn’t a clear winner at the beginning. But it’s important for us to know that they didn’t set to determine ALL orthodoxy (inerrancy and the books of the Bible wasn’t even a discussion topic, contrary to Dan Brown’s presentation) primarily focused on the deity of Jesus, and worked to clarify the relationship God had between Himself and how that impacts us today.

-I mentioned Fred Sanders earlier, but I love the way he summarizes the way we respond to God: 

-We’ll be discussing more about the council each week as we work our way through the creed, but with all that background, let’s look at the first section:

  • God is One

-We believe: instead of a mere intellectual ascent, this is a way of ascribing allegiance to the one true God, who has declared from the beginning that He is one. He has no parts, He cannot be divided, He is completely united in being. This begins in the same place that shema began as a way to acknowledge the past history of God’s work. One note on this creed, the authors worked their hardest to use only biblical language, and they were successful with all except 1 word. But you’ll need to come back next week to find out what that 1 word is! There’s also some debate over how to translate this opening phrase, some manuscripts have the plural (we), others have the individual (I). One purpose in having this creed is to give something for those who were getting baptized to agree to! So in that case, it’s I believe, but WE all affirm along with those getting baptized.

-Second, the first things He’s called is Father, and this gets to His relation to His Son, Jesus, and because of what Jesus has done it also describes His relation to us. He’s not just the father though, He’s also the almighty. The words used by this creed were used to refer to some other gods too, in this case it’s a way of saying that God is the ruler over everything.

-He’s also the maker (or creator) of heaven and earth. This is a way of saying everything (like when someone says I’ve been working day and night, you don’t take it to mean there was no breaks), it also echoes the language of Gen. 1

-Lastly, it alludes to Col. 1:16 when it says that God created the visible sphere and the invisible sphere. But this also is a way of denying the Gnostic heresy that said Jesus was just 1 of a plethora of gods in the supernatural realm.

-This is the shortest section of the creed because this wasn’t really up for debate. Even the heretics believed in the unity of God, but what do we do with it today? We believe. Belief is more than just a mental check box (like saying you read the terms and conditions of every app you download), this is confessing our allegiance in this God who is completely united and can’t be divided. This God created everyone, including you and me, and what’s the most amazing about this God is He doesn’t leave us alone. He comes down in flesh to bear the penalty for our sins and then comes down to indwell those who confess that they believe in His name.

Malachi – Sermon Manuscript

-This book is a perfect end to this series because Malachi is essentially giving an overview of what all the previous prophets had been talking about and shares what God is going to do when He comes (and keep in mind the 2 futures that we’ve been talking about a few times now throughout this series, 1 future of Jesus’s first coming, and another future of His second coming). We have the advantage of reading this after the first arrival of Jesus, we can read and understand this in some ways that the first readers would have lacked some clarity on. The way God chooses to reveal things isn’t always as clear as we might want them to be, but God does reveal His plans and purposes to us if we’re willing to put in the work to understand what He’s said!

READ/PRAY (pg. 849) 3:1-4

  1. The Message of Malachi:

-Remember last week that the latter half of Zechariah was pronouncements, oracles from the Lord. Now look at the beginning of this book:

-Our translation says pronouncement here, it’s coming from the Lord, some of your translations might say oracle, some might say message. We don’t know much about Malachi, and there’s debate about whether or not that’s even his name because in Hebrew that translates to “my messenger.” I’m going to go with it’s his name because of the 11 other books we’ve looked at in this series that all begin by naming the prophet.

-This book contains a series of 6 “disputations,” think of it like a courtroom where Malachi is taking an accusation from the Lord, then go goes on to present the counterarguments from the people, then he delivers God’s response and verdict. I served in youth ministry for 4 years, so this reads like a teenager rolling their eyes at their parents. And yes, each of the emojis corresponds to one of the books, so now that we’re at the end you can go back through and match them all up!

-Chiasm – symmetry to them with a focus on the middle, which is where the 3 points of this sermon came from! 1&6 go together, 2&5, 3&4, and right in the middle is the section we read together where the Lord is promising to send a messenger to prepare the way for the Lord’s arrival. Let’s take a look at the first and sixth “disputations” (or courtroom scenes) 

  1. The Righteous and the Wicked (1:2-5, 3:13-4:3)

-God begins with His love, which makes sense because we know from the NT that God is love. And the people’s response is HOW? Because they’re not feeling that love right now. Isn’t it amazing how so many modern questions and doubts people have come up in the Bible? It’s almost like God knows exactly how humans work.

-But it’s not just between God and humans that we see this reality. This is true in marriage, in parenting, in working (working is much less so because I’m guessing you’re not told from your boss that they love you, unless you work at a church!) But love has become so convoluted today that when most people today hear of love their mind goes to acceptance, and those are not synonyms! Love means you care for someone else and desire the best for them, regardless of how it makes them feel. That’s why discipline is a part of love. It would be unloving for me to let my kids get away with throwing a fit, or with running out in front of a car, or eating nothing but candy all the time. It’s similar with God, because God loves He will discipline. If there was never any discipline or correction in your life God wouldn’t love you. Hence the people asking God how He loved them.

-God says that He loved Jacob (who was eventually called Israel, who had 12 sons who became the heads of the 12 tribes of Israel), but Jacob was a twin, and not just a twin he was the younger twin. And in that culture, that meant Jacob wasn’t supposed to receive any inheritance or recognition, it was all supposed to go to Esau, but God inverted the normal ordering and gave His love to Jacob, but He hated Esau. 

-That’s another part that grates against our modern sensibilities, and maybe this comes across to you as harsh! What we miss is the judgment God is giving to Esau’s descendants (known as the Edomites) wouldn’t have been seen as overly harsh to them. We talked about this back when we looked at Obad. The prophet there talks about the destruction of the Edomites because of their lack of concern towards their brothers the Israelites. Actions have consequences, and a lack of concern for other humans leads to punishment from the Lord.

-This first disputation tells us that God’s standards aren’t the same as human standards. There’s nothing we can do to earn God’s recognition and favor, but when God blesses us with His favor, then He does expect us to represent Him and live righteous lives (unlike Esau) 

-The 6th scene jumps to 3:13. God begins by saying the people talk harshly against Him, and as we saw previously the people immediately ask “HOW!?” they ask the exact same thing here.

-This time, God says that the way they’re harsh is by assessing their obedience and service to the Lord through a human lens, instead of looking at their lives through the lens of eternity (as the righteous are supposed to do). The people are saying it’s useless to serve God, that they look around at other peoples who don’t even try to obey God and it looks like they’re all prospering and flourishing, that there’s no consequences to someone who ignores or tests God. But they’re not seeing the whole picture. I saw an article that Randy Alcorn wrote this past week (author of the book Heaven that I would encourage you to read!), that was titled “For the Christian, the future is always better.” 

-But maybe you feel the same way as the people here! I know there’s times and seasons where I do! Think back to the parenting issues I talked about earlier, in the short term it’s a LOT easier to just ignore my kids, to not correct them, to let them do whatever they want, but I have a longer goal in mind for them than right now. I want them to become responsible adults who can love God and love other people, which means you have to learn about delayed gratification!

-Just to make sure we get this point, God ends this section in vs. 18 by saying: do you see how you can tell who is righteous or wicked? One serves God, the other does not serve God. What do you do? Do you serve God, or do you refuse to serve Him and just work to serve yourself? That’s our way of looking at it, from God’s perspective the question is: are you righteous or are you wicked?

  • Unacceptable Worship (1:6-2:9, 3:6-12)

-Second and fifth scenes focus on worship, particularly worship that God will not accept. This focus throughout these books has been the biggest surprise to me. I know God cares about worship, I know He wants us to worship Him correctly, but I didn’t realize just how much it came up in even the minor prophets. And we’re not off the hook for this today! God brings up 2 specific issues of incorrect worship: 

-First, the animals. God says that there is honor given to someone in a position of authority, so sons honor their fathers, slaves honor their masters, but God isn’t honored by His people even though He is their father AND their master. What’s even worse is the people know better. In vs. 8 God tells them to try bringing that offering to the governor. They know He wouldn’t accept it, which means they’re treating God even worse than their political leaders. And on top of that (it gets worse!) look at what God says in the beginning of chapt. 2. This gets us to the second issue: not only are the people offering these lame animals, the priests are accepting them! The priests are supposed to be the ones who are telling the people how to live near this holy God and what it means to worship Him, and here they’re taking these unacceptable offerings and offering them to God. Look how God describes these priests in vs. 7-8: The priests are even more culpable because they’re leading people away and have violated God’s commands for them.

-And then God circles back around to worship in chapt. 3. Look at vs. 7: The tenth here is what was expected for the people to give to the Levites and was also used for the poor, that tenth (also referred to as a tithe) is viewed as God’s. He required the people to give it back to Him, so by not paying it they were robbing from God. But there is a level of irony to even marking out 10% as devoted to God because how much does God actually own? Hint: it’s much, much more than 10%, EVERYTHING belongs to God! He created it, it only continues existing because of Him, but by setting aside the 10% to God the people are demonstrating their trust in Him. God even goes on to invite the people to test Him out. If they prove faithful in their tithes, God will respond by opening the floodgates of heaven and pouring out His blessings.

-Because we live in the USA in 2026, this doesn’t mean that you’re guaranteed to live in a mansion and be a multi-millionaire. I hope some of you do get that (or are already there) because the church needs people who are wealthy and people who are poor to work together to show a picture to the world of the different classes of people loving and caring for each other, even though our bank accounts look different. Instead, what God expects from us is that we view everything as His and respond with generosity to those around us (church and others). I preached a series on this last Fall, so I’m not going to go any further on this today, but living obediently to God does affect our wallets. God calls us to respond to Him in faith and obedience, which is what the final 2 scenes are about:

  • Holy Living (2:10-16, 2:17-3:5)

-The middle sections (3&4) are connected to the worship that we just saw, but then God goes on to connect it to the way the people are living. The third one begins with the people crying out to God because He won’t receive their offerings (see how it’s connected to worship?) There are 2 issues that God addresses here: the men are pursuing marriages with women who worship other gods, which means (secondly) some of them are divorcing their wives to chase after these other women.

-The big key is that the horizontal relationships are a reflection of the vertical relationship. That means if we love God, truly love God, it necessarily means that we will love others and treat other humans with dignity, honor, and respect.

-The problem is that God doesn’t receive their offerings anymore, so they ask why, and it’s because they have acted treacherously against their wives. He goes on to say the point of marriage is to create godly offspring. Part of the reality is that just makes sense sociologically. Part of the reason Islams and Mormonism grows is because they have more babies than other religions!

-Vs. 16 has been mistranslated over the years and has led to some pretty big issues in the church. NKJV translates this verse as God saying that He hates divorce, but that’s not in the text, that’s adding a pronoun that’s not in the Hebrew and adjusts the verbal form from what is actually in the text. Our translation gets it right! Contextually, it’s better to think of the husband as the one who hates and divorces his wife as committing injustice against her. He has covenanted with her, and by divorcing her is unjust towards her. The reason this is important is because the church has previously said that God hates divorce, therefore all divorce is wrong, and I’m sorry, but that’s just not true. Moses gives stipulations for divorce, Jesus gives stipulations for divorce, and Paul gives stipulations for divorce. That doesn’t mean it should be the first option (or the second, or third), but it’s also not an unforgiveable sin. There are times where it is (to use the Malachi word) just to pursue divorce. And that’s where we need other people around us to help us navigate the complexities of living in this broken and fallen world, and unfortunately one of the realities of that broken world is divorce. And I know some of you have been affected by divorce, it is messy! And even the no-fault divorce that we have today is such a misnomer, because there’s always fault (and usually from both parties!). Divorce isn’t God’s intent for marriage, but He permits divorce because of the effects of sin today.

-Vs. 17 gives us another aspect of holy living that I don’t think we ponder very often, we get frustrated when people are blessed who aren’t following God, and we can tend to erroneously think that God is blessing their evil pursuits. I’ve shared this example before, but look at Michael Jordan, who I revered when I was growing up (but let’s be honest, what kid growing up in the 90s didn’t) He got to play basketball and hang out with Bugs Bunny. But when he turned 50 (in 2013), ESPN wrote an article titled “Michael Jordan Has Not Left the Building,” and it is heartbreaking. He said he would give up everything to be able to go back and keep playing basketball, which tells you what his god is! It’s wrong for me to look at his life and say I want what he has when I look at the fact that I have Jesus! I don’t need anything else.

-And in response to this accusation, God says “Just wait,” He’s going to send His messenger to prepare the way for the Lord, He’s going to refine and purify them so that they can be acceptable to God once again. But it requires them to live different lives than they had been living.

-The ending of this book is a great summary of the Bible, and it references the previous sections of the Bible! The law that was given to Moses (first 5 books), and then Elijah as representative of the prophets, which the NT tells us is fulfilled in the arrival of John the Baptist. I think the last 2 sentences are talking about the way the family was broken down in the days of Malachi, but with the arrival of Jesus a new family is born that doesn’t depend on us to uphold, but is completely dependent on God. And that’s where we need to think about how we apply what we’ve seen in these books to our lives today:

  • What Does Holy Living Look Like?

-First, Get worship right. Worship is us responding to God with all that we are and all that we have. As Jesus commands us, we’re to love God with all our heart, soul, mind, and strength. That’s a way of summarizing our everything. Jesus is quoting the shema there from Deut. 6. The Hebrew word “strength” is may-od which my Hebrew prof in seminary loved to tells us is “much-ness” or “exceedingly” I just love that idea love God with your exceedingly muchness! It doesn’t make a lot of sense in English, which is why our translations say strength, but it’s meant to convey ALL that you have and are. But when I say get worship right, we have to acknowledge that there are ways of getting worship wrong. We can focus on the wrong things, we can have the wrong motivations, we can even use our acts of worship to sin against God (as we’ve seen all over these prophets). We’re commanded to worship God not just on Sundays, but that worship is supposed to spill over into our jobs, our homes, our hobbies. All of those things are gifts and tools that God has given to us for our enjoyment, for our growth and maturation, and to be used to bring honor and glory to Him. 

-Second, Get family right. Malachi focuses on marriage and the overflow into raising godly children, but under the covenant that Jesus ushers in, we’re supposed to focus on a different family: the church family. The nuclear family had a HUGE priority in the 1st century (and rightly so!). You relied on your family to survive, to function, to work, it took everyone contributing. But Jesus begins a new focus in Matt. 12. We saw this reality in 1 Tim. Last Fall too. Paul says we’re supposed to treat older men in the church as fathers, older women as mothers, younger men as brothers, and youngers women as sisters. Friends, this church family has significance in our lives! Paul even goes a step further and refers to the church as the “household of faith” in Gal. 6:10. Do you view this church as your family?

-Third: get hope right. Set your sights in the right direction and on the right person. Friends, these prophets would have given everything they owned to experience what we view as normal and boring. If you have been saved, you have God living in you. That doesn’t mean life suddenly gets easy (in many cases it actually gets harder!), but it does mean that we have a different direction and goal to our lives. God repeatedly called these prophets to continue hoping in Him because He had made promises to His people, and God calls the same thing for us today. Even though we live in between Jesus’s 2 comings doesn’t mean our lives are easier, or that we need the reminders less. Church, God is in control! Nothing catches Him by surprise, nothing can catch Him unprepared or unaware. He has promised that He will return to fix all the brokenness and provide a place for you to live with Him forever. That’s what our hope is in.

Haggai – Sermon Manuscript

-There was a movie that came out in 2004 that no one expected to take off like it did! It was a classic “coming of age” story of a guy who was trying to figure out life in high school and family dynamics that go along with that. I saw it in theaters and I haven’t been the same since! It was a movie called Napoleon Dynamite, and I feel like it’s one of those movies that only worked in a certain time period, because I know people who have tried introducing it to their kids and the kids thought the parents were crazy. One of the funniest characters is a guy named Uncle Rico, who claimed to be able to (and I quote) “throw the pigskin a quarter mile.” Look at that form! I doubt he could throw that a quarter yard! But part of the reason he was so funny is because we all know someone like him, someone who is always pining for the “glory days” of the past. And what’s craziest is their interpretation of the past doesn’t always line up with reality!

-Haggai is a message of encouragement for God’s people who were discouraged about not living during the “glory days” of Israel. They look around them and are living as a remnant, a shadow of the former glory of the nation. They’re subservient to a different nation, they don’t have a temple to worship in, and they don’t even have enough food to eat! What are they hoping in? Let’s read the first chapter and find out:

READ/PRAY (pg. 839)

  1. The Message of Haggai: The Presence and Blessing of the Lord

-We have more information about what’s leading up to this event in Ezra and Nehemiah. We sometimes miss the connection between books in the OT because of the ordering of them. Ezra & Nehemiah are prophesying and writing at the same time, and some people believe they were the people who compiled the OT together for God’s people. But Ezra tells us that because the people faced opposition to the building of the temple, they stopped working on it, and that stopping remained for 16 years, while the people focused on building homes and raising crops, getting the rest of their lives in order.

-Then the Lord sends Haggai and Zechariah to light a fire under the people and call them to begin building the temple once again, and Ezra 6 tells us the celebration they had at the completion of this new temple. So Haggai tells us the message the Lord gave to get the people going. Just to give some perspective, Ezra 5 also includes these prophets as part of his description of what was going on, and he tells us that Haggai helped rebuild the temple! 

-Not a ton of information about this prophet (apart from the note that he is a prophet!). But we have VERY explicit information about when these words came to him, allowing us to date this book to a 4-month period in the year 520 BC. Here’s where all the dates are listed throughout the book, and what they correspond to in our Gregorian calendar! 

-Who was this word give to? Zerubbabel and Joshua: civil and religious leaders. We’ll learn more about Zerubbabel throughout this book, so for now just note that these are supposed to be the recipients of this prophesy. And right away, we see the problem God is addressing:

-This house is in ruins. The problem is they had stopped building the temple. They had faced some difficulty with it, but instead of persevering, they gave up and focused on building out their own homes.

-God draws attention to these issues by saying “think carefully about your ways” which he repeats 3 other times in the book (1:7, 2:15, 18) It’s a way of telling the people to learn from these things and draw near to God through them. Honestly, I think this is a picture for us of how we’re supposed to respond to difficult seasons in our lives. If God is sovereign (in complete control) than we can trust Him even when things don’t feel like they’re going to work out, or we don’t feel like we’re flourishing. God isn’t the author of evil, but He’ll allow evil in our lives to grow and stretch us, just like any parent has to sometimes let their kids fail in order to help them grow.

-God has prevented His people from flourishing in their work. They’re hungry, they’re thirsty, their clothes are wearing out. And this isn’t an accident or incidental thing, God is still in control, including over the times and the seasons, and He has prevented their crops from flourishing. And why is that? Look at vs. 8-9. The reason the people were living in ruin was because it was meant to be a picture to them of the ruin God’s house was in.

-The answer is: build God’s house, if you do, He will be pleased and glorified. Sounds easy enough, right? Put this building up, be done, and watch the wealth come in! But it’s never that simple, especially (I would think) as the people are struggling.

-I don’t know about you, but if I heard that God was the one that was preventing my flourishing, I don’t think I’d be very happy about it. Think about how many stories you hear or read about people who get angry at God for things not working out how they wanted them to. It’s such a common story! But that’s not how the people responded here! Look at vs. 12.

-The entire remnant obeyed and feared the Lord. This is the description of a revival! A particular season of repentance and turning to the Lord, and many times it comes after particularly difficult seasons.

-Have you ever had a season in your life where it felt like God was intentionally leaving you in a desert place? Where you kept crying out to Him and asking for some level of relief, but it never got better. Where you were reading the Bible, but it felt like it didn’t make sense, where you pray but it feels like you’re praying to the wall, where you go to church but it feels like a waste of time. It doesn’t take long in your journey with Christ to reach some level of crisis. And sometimes it’s God stretching and challenging you to grow through it. It hurts, in the middle of it, it feels like it will never end, but God’s call to His people is to continue trusting Him and persevere.

-And look how God responds to them: “I am with you.” That’s basically a summary of the whole story of Scripture. What is God’s plan from the beginning? To be with His people! That’s why He doesn’t ever give up. Even when the entire world was in rebellion against him (except for the family of Noah), He still moved toward His creation and created a way for them to be redeemed through the floods. Friends, this is the best news in the world! God’s first move is always towards, not running away which is why God came down to Earth.

-So the people obey, and the work on the temple began again.

-God (through Haggai) asks the people who saw the old temple. This new one wasn’t going to be as nice or as beautiful or even as big. Here it even says, “Doesn’t it seem to you like nothing in comparison?” God doesn’t even try to be “MN nice” about it!

-There is a human temptation to live like Uncle Rico in Napoleon Dynamite and pine after your “glory days,” to look to the past with rose colored glasses, and the people of the Lord are no exception. Ezra 3:13 tells us exactly what the response of the people was to this event: half were thrilled and excited that this work had begun, and the other half were weeping because it was so bad in comparison. Even though those former days had idolatry and sin, and there was the impending destruction of the nation coming, they wanted to go back, instead of celebrating what God was doing here and now. We see this today, too! There is a church I drove by in Rochester that has a giant billboard that says, “We sing hymns.” Technically, EVERY church sings hymns, because I’m going to assume that every church is singing songs to God! And there’s nothing wrong with singing hymns, but there’s also FANTSTIC new songs that are being written all the time! If you want to talk about my thoughts on music, send me an email! And it goes beyond music that too, I’ve had people tell me that they wish they could go back to the morality in our country of the 50s. I wasn’t alive then, but I’ve read enough history to know that the 50s was the time of MASSIVE segregation in our country, a time when the color of your skin could have prevented you from voting. Do you really want to live in that time period? That doesn’t mean today is any better! While the color of your skin doesn’t prevent you from voting, our culture is debating what it means to be male or female. Friends, the reality is whatever time you live in: people are still people, sin is still sin, and God is still sovereignly ruling and reigning, so the call for His people hasn’t changed, look at what God goes on to say:

-What’s interesting is this is the same exhortation that Joshua got when they were about to cross into the Promised Land, encouragement to be remain strong and faithful because even though the temple wasn’t done, His Spirit was with them. It’s hard to persevere, it’s hard to remain faithful, so God exhorts His people to continue pushing through, to not give up.

-I will shake: there’s allusions to Ex. 19:18 here that shows that when God comes, the earth can’t stay still. Someday in the future, God will judge the nations, and what will they do? They’ll bring their treasures into this house. And I think we see this in 2 places, first when the wise men “from the east” bring their gifts to Jesus, and second and more explicitly in the new heavens and earth. Rev. 21:24 says the kings of the earth will bring their glory into this new Jerusalem. The external glory of the temple is meant to reflect the inner glory of the Glorious One.

-The final glory will be greater than the first. You haven’t seen ANYTHING yet, because for a Christian, the best is ALWAYS yet to come. One thing I’ve been trying to do more since preaching through Revelation is spend time contemplating heaven, and just how wonderful that will be. I heard someone onetime say he ended his devotions each day thinking about heaven until it brought a smile to his face! One of the most amazing things about heaven is the joy and happiness is unending. Each day is a new opportunity to try something new, to get to know someone in a deeper way, to taste a new food, to go on a new adventure. And each day we’ll grow in our awareness and understanding of God, which will never leave us bored because God is infinite (which is why I think we get eternity to spend with Him). 

-Then Haggai is asked to go to the priests and ask him a couple questions about Levitical law (vs. 10-19), and the summary of these questions is: defiling is contagious, while holiness is not. And you can kind of make sense of that with sickness, you can “catch” a cold (or the flu, or COVID), but you can’t “catch” health, can you? And God says that because the people aren’t holy, even their offerings are defiled by their sin.

-Which is some of what makes Jesus’s arrival so amazing, because the opposite is true with Him. Jesus comes along and sickness flees from Him! So now under Jesus, suddenly holiness is contagious. Mark 1 tells this story of a leper. Under the law, lepers were completely segregated from everyone else, and if anyone got too close to the leper, they were unclean. But do you notice how Jesus heals this leper? Mark is explicit: he reaches out his hand and touches the man, a man who likely hadn’t been touched by another human in YEARS because they didn’t want to catch his leprosy. And what happens when Jesus touches the man? Instead of Jesus becoming unclean, the unclean man is made clean (which Mark explicitly says). God says in Haggai that this is coming, blessing instead of cursing, and it’s dependent on God, not anything the people can do.

-The final word to Haggai comes on the same day with a promise to once again “shake the heavens and the earth.” The purpose of this shaking is to overthrow the Gentile kingdoms, with allusions to the Exodus when they overthrew the Egyptian army (Ex. 14), and the conquest of the promised land, when the Midianites killed each other in their confusion (Judges 7:22).

-Who’s going to be sitting on the throne? It says Zerubbabel, but one of the issues at this time was that Darius was the king, even though Zerubbabel was the descendant of David.

-First, a signet ring is the marker of royal authority, think of it like an official stamp. But the reason that’s significant is because of something God revealed to the prophet Jeremiah about Zerubbabel’s grandfather. In Jer. 22:24 God says that even though Coniah was (past tense) God’s signet ring (that is, bearing God’s authority), God was going to rip him off, cast him away, and the prophesy ends by the Lord saying his offspring will be cast off, which leaves in doubt whether or not David’s line would continue.

-But then we see here at the end of this book that God will renew His covenant with the Davidic line and make Zerubbabel His signet ring, promising that the David’s line would continue. And Zerubbabel comes up again in Matthew 1, do you know why? Because he is the great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great grandpa to Jesus (yes, I counted). This is just a reminder to us that Jesus is the main point of the whole Bible. It all centers on Him, it all points to Him, and He is the answer to every promise that God makes. Which also means we need to talk about what this future temple is that God tells Haggai about.

  • The Temple of the Lord

-What was God talking about here that could be better than the temple Solomon built? What’s amazing is He’s talking about what we’re doing today. Now, I’m not saying that this building is the new temple, but God is talking about this new temple that exists worldwide, that is too big to fit in one building, and it’s called “the church.” Let me show why I think that.

-First, Jesus literally changes everything! So we need to think about the reason God has his people construct a tabernacle, then the temple to begin with. It was so He could live with His people. In fact, the ordering of the nation while they were traveling through the wilderness put the tabernacle in the middle of them, signifying that God had the primary place among them. But what’s fascinating (at least to me) is that God was living with His people before then too, but He was living with them as a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. My reason for bringing this up is because of the way John describes Jesus in John 1. I don’t usually leave the footnotes in my slides, but it says it right on there: Jesus is the better tabernacle, the place where God’s full glory dwells (Col. 1:19). The reason God had His people build the tabernacle and then temple was because people would die if they were given unmediated access to God’s glory, but that changed with Jesus.

-Next, and a subset of this, is that Jesus says He is building something new with His disciples. So we begin with the reality that Jesus is the new and better tabernacle, but then He goes on to build something brand new which He talks about with Peter (Rocky! If you’ve read or watched Project Hail Mary yet). He affirms Peter’s confession that Jesus is the Messiah, and that confession is the foundation for the church. So Jesus’s new idea for the place where God’s glory will dwell is in the church. But hold on, it gets even better than that!

-Paul continues this idea about what’s being built together in Eph. 2. Building up to this part, he’s been talking about the death we all lived in because of sin, and the separation we had between each other (Jew and Gentile) but how that division has been broken down by Jesus. Then he goes on to say that because of what Jesus has done, we are no longer foreigners and strangers, instead we’re citizens and members of what? God’s household. Turns out this has been God’s plan from the beginning! God living among His people, not in a temple built by human hands (Acts 7:48)

-But it gets even better. Look at what this house is built on: the apostles and the prophets. So we’re supposed to think back to prophets like Haggai as the foundation God was building 600 years before Jesus. And who’s the cornerstone, who’s the one who began the construction? Jesus. Paul is saying there is continuity from the beginning to the end. The tabernacle, then the multiple temples were in place to point to this reality that’s taking place today, because if you are in Christ, you are now a part of His holy temple. 

-And Peter talks about this reality as well. Not only are we the temple, we’re also being built to be the priests, the ones who can approach God to offer spiritual sacrifices through Jesus Christ. Friends, this means ALL of us are priests, this isn’t referring to some special “class” of Christians who act as a mediator between humans and God, there’s only 1 mediator: the God-man Jesus Christ. But Peter continues just a few verses later with a long list of descriptions of the church, all of which are direct quotes from God to Israel in the OT. God’s plan has always been to live among His people, not be constrained by a temple. God’s plan has also been to be the God of every tribe, and tongue, and nation, not just 1 ethnicity. 

-As I was studying this week, a verse from Psalm 27 came to mind. Think of what David asks the Lord here. The one thing he wants is to dwell in the house of the Lord and seek Him in His temple. Friends, we don’t just dwell in the house of the Lord, we ARE the house of the Lord, and where do we go to seek Him in His temple? We go here, because together we make up the temple of God. But just as the people during the time of Haggai had left the temple in ruins, there are ways that we today can leave the church in ruins. 

-An early church father, writing in the 3rd century, Cyprian of Carthage, wrote a treatise titled ‘On the Unity of the Church’ where he said: 

-There are 2 key issues I see today where we can leave the church in ruins. First is by treating it like a consumer, where we sit in judgment on what takes place, or we pick and choose the areas we want to be involved. I’ve seen people who would go to 1 church because they liked the music, then hop in a car when the music was done and drive down to another church because they liked the preaching there. That’s like a husband going over to the neighbor’s house because he doesn’t like his wife’s cooking (or the wife going over, I don’t know all your cooking arrangements). Pick a church and plug yourself in and don’t give up when you get offended or hurt. People are sinners, and when you throw a bunch of people together in close proximity, the sin is going to come out, we can’t help it. I wish I could say the church is immune from that, but until Jesus returns the church will continue being made up of a bunch of sinners. Which gets me to the second key issue:

-Don’t marginalize or belittle the church. The church is the 1 earthly institution that Jesus paid for by shedding His blood, and when you either speak poorly of the church, or complain about the church, or even worse if you just ignore the church completely, you’re dismissing the thing that Jesus loves the most. Picture this: my kids are starting to get a little older, which means they’re getting harder to correct. They’re using logic and reasoning to point out our inconsistencies. But the other thing they’re doing is starting to talk poorly about us, and I’m fine if they’re upset with me, but I don’t have much toleration for talking bad about Cara. When we are upset about the church or complain about it, it’s complaining about Jesus’s bride, and I don’t think He appreciates that. See, the call for all of us who claim to be Christians is in the name, it just means “little Christ.” We’re supposed to work to be like Him in every area of our lives, including the things that we love, and Jesus loves His church with every ounce of His being, so we should love the church with every ounce of our being.

Zephaniah – Sermon Manuscript

-I think that stories based on events that happened during WW2 have led to some of the best movies: Fury, Unbroken, Saving Private Ryan, Darkest Hour, Life is Beautiful, Midway, Dunkirk, Hacksaw Ridge, The Pianist all incredible movies of the resiliency of humans, and the destruction of war. But all those movies are from the perspective of the Allies. Where we celebrate the victories, how do all those movies portray the Germans? As the bad guys. We look at those various battles in triumph, but how would the other side view those events? As humiliation, right? Think of D-Day, when the Allies cross the English Channel and began their attack of the Western Front of the Nazis. Do you think the Germans were celebrating that day? Absolutely not! See, every war has 2 sides to it. Similarly, Zephaniah is going to give us 2 sides to the Day of the Lord. We talked about this back in Joel, but this is the book that talks about it the most.

READ/PRAY (pg. 835)

  1. The Message of Zephaniah

-The intro to this book gives us the opposite of what we’ve seen for a while: 4 previous generations of people! Why is this significant? 

-3 names: Cushi, Hezekiah, and Josiah, intending to give us a starting place for Hezekiah

-Cushi: refers to the land of Cush, significant because of what God promises and it would make Zephaniah bi-racial

-Hezekiah is described as the best king of Judah in 2 Kings 18, he destroyed the competing “worship” sites in Judah. One of the most fascinating things about him is in preparation for the Assyrian invasion, he dug a tunnel under Jerusalem to reroute a river and provide water for the city during the siege, and you can go visit “Hezekiah’s tunnel” today!

-The last significant name is Josiah, who led a major reform movement in Judah and became king when he was a child (2 Kings 22). When he was king, he began repairing the temple, and in the repair the book of the law was uncovered (Deuteronomy) which gave the stipulations the people were supposed to follow and obey. And Josiah took this seriously! He re-enacted the covenant ceremony with the people, who recommitted themselves to obeying God’s laws.

-These names are pointing out that Zephaniah is going to be in the same line as his great-great grandpa Hezekiah, one who is faithfully following God and encouraging the people toward obedience of God’s law. There’s debate about how far into Josiah’s reign this takes place, with most people I read saying it’s most likely shortly after he found the book of the law and began enacting it, but it hadn’t yet taken root in the people.

  1. The Day of the Lord in Judgment (1:1–3:8)

-Zechariah mentions “The Day of the Lord” 22 times throughout it, which tells me it’s his primary point in writing! One scholar said, “There is a compelling simplicity about Zephaniah’s message: he has only one topic, and he never digresses from it.” (Alec Motyer)

-We’ve talked about it before, because it’s a theme that’s been running across all these prophets, so just as a refresher, “The Day of the Lord” is a future moment where God would come in judgment to pay back the enemies of His people. Throughout this time period, the Israelites were excited for the day of the Lord because it was viewed in a completely positive light, where the other nations who had attacked God’s people would be judged. But the warning from the prophets is that the judgment would be negative, not positive!

-And that’s where Zephaniah begins his rebuke of the people. Look at this first description from God: He says He’s going to completely sweep away everything! And there’s intentionality in the way this destruction is described. If you think back to Gen. 1 when God created the world, this is the opposite of creation, it’s meant to make us think that the day of the Lord is going to be a de-creation. But it doesn’t take long for Him to remind the people that this isn’t just for people “out there” because right after this promised destruction of the world, look at vs. 4

-God is also angry with Judah, the 1 remaining people of God, and even worse He’ll destroy the promised city of Jerusalem. But notice how God describes the problem: the people are worshipping Baal, a fertility god who was thought to bring rain to them which they needed in order to live. And apparently there’s no difference between the pagan priests and the supposed priests of Yahweh. And if that’s the priests, the one who are supposed to be leading people in the worship of the one true God, what about the rest of the people?

-They’re worshipping the stars instead of the one who made the stars. On the one hand they’re worship God, but at the same time they hedge their bets and also worship Milcom (the false god of the Ammonites). This is called syncretism that is combining the worship of the true God with the worship of all these false gods, and we do the same thing today! We say we trust God completely, but we also make sure we don’t get too sold out to following after Him. Both Baal and Milcom are gods that the surrounding nations worshipped, and as I have read about the Israelites, you can take them out of Egypt, but the rest of their history is working to take the Egypt out of them. And that’s the same journey for all of us in our Christian life: God has taken us out of the world, but the rest of our earthly lives is working to take the world out of us. Unfortunately, the temptation is always there! Also unfortunately, it’s incredibly hard to find those areas that you’re still holding onto worldly ideas, we often don’t even realize them until either someone points them out or we react poorly to those areas being inconvenienced.

-I think I’ve shared this story before, but when one of the idols of my heart that I have to be conscientious of is when I feel dumb, and one of the precipitating reasons that has come to the surface in my life is because we drive older vehicles. Towards the end of me going to seminary, my car started having these weird issues where it would suddenly lose all power and acceleration, so the fastest I could go was like 15 mph. First time it happened, I pulled over, waited about 15 min, and suddenly it started and drove with no issues. But over the next week it KEPT happening and I just got ANGRY. And in one of my angry outbursts, I realized my reaction wasn’t the corresponding to the situation in front of me, and then it hit me: cars aren’t that complicated, I should be able to figure this out, and the fact that I couldn’t made me irate! Now I know you all already know this, but I needed to remind myself that I’m not God! I don’t, can’t, and won’t know everything, which means there’s going to be areas in my life that I am just ignorant about. This is an area where I know that I’m not God, but I don’t want to have to rely on Him, much to my shame and disgrace. And we all have areas like that in our lives, where we need to pray for the strength to fight those idols, those places where we struggle to trust God, where we still want to do our own things and live our own ways. The only consolation is we’re not alone in that! We see it in Zephaniah, which means it was true 3,000 years ago, so humans are still humans.

-Notice that in the very next verse, Zephaniah gives us the right response: be silent. Have you ever noticed that’s the response of people in the Bible who encounter God? Every time they realize that God is so much more holy than they are, so they fall on their faces and acknowledge their sin. Which is why it always make me chuckle to myself when so many songs that we sing in church are asking God to be present here, to reveal Himself to us, to show us His glory, because the Bible shows us that it’s a terrifying thing! With 1 caveat: if we’re covered by the blood of the sacrifice (Jesus) we don’t have to be afraid of approaching God. In fact, the book of Hebrews tells us we should have the opposite approach to God: we come before Him in confidence because of what Jesus has done, which is exactly what Zephaniah is talking about here.

-I think I mentioned him a few months ago, but I watched another interview with former Senator Ben Sasse yesterday where he was asked if he’s ready to die. He was diagnosed with stage 4 terminal pancreatic cancer in December, and you can tell if you watch this interview. But his response was fascinating, and it caused the interviewer to begin to cry, because he said, “I don’t feel ready, but to whom would I go? I have confidence that when Jesus said to the disciples, he didn’t want to be identified as the Messiah yet, keep these crowds away, don’t tell them about the water into wine miracle at the feast, but he says you can’t keep the children from me. And we’re told that we get to approach the Almighty, we get to approach the Divine and call him Daddy, Abba Father, that’s pretty glorious. And I know that that’s what I need.” 

-That’s someone who understands this reality here: we approach God in reverence and silence because He is so far above us, but that same God welcomes us in as His children, with open arms, for those are following Him, but for those who aren’t, it’s a completely different story.

-On that day, there will be punishment from God on those who have been disobedient to Him, but the punishment from God ALWAYS fits the crime. He calls out those who take on the habits and practices of the nations (foreign clothing) instead of living as God has commanded them. He also promises to punish those who take on the superstitions of the nations (skip over the threshold, like “don’t step on a crack or you’ll break your mother’s back”) No one will be left out of this persecution, and the rest of this chapter describes all the ways God will bring about this punishment. And do you remember what I said earlier about the day of the Lord? Look at the warning about this day in vs. 14-15:

-It doesn’t sound like the greatest day in the world, does it? It sounds horrible! But it gets even worse: distress, their blood poured out.

-And this day will also reveal where people are putting their confidence. Look at the beginning of vs. 18: even in Zephaniah’s time people were thinking their riches would save them. Once again, we see that the human heart hasn’t changed, has it?

-The beginning of chapt. 2 is a shift in focus, because in the middle of this promised punishment is a change of tone. Here the call is to repent before all this punishment comes. One of the reasons we have these warnings in the Bible is to prevent people from continuing on in their sin and facing this punishment. 

-And do you see what repentance looks like? It looks like seeking the Lord, AND it looks like seeking righteousness and humility. Another way of saying this is if you seek after the Lord, you will start to look like the Lord (although imperfectly). And this section ends saying PERHAPS you’ll be saved, but we know from the message of the NT that this sparing is guaranteed because we know how to be on the right side of history (which doesn’t mean going along with whatever is trendy in our culture), it means we’re obedient to the Creator and Sustainer of everything. 

-The rest of chapter 2 is God continuing to talk about the punishment coming to the nations, but there’s a specific ordering to this following the 4 points of a compass around Judah: Philistines to the West, Ammonites and Moabites to the east, Cush in the south, and Assyria to the north. And who’s in the center of that compass? Judah, but remember, they’re assuming that the Day of the Lord is going to be the destruction of everyone else, so they would hear this expecting everything to be ok for them! But then God focuses His attention on 1 city, and contextually you would expect this to be something like Ninevah or another one of the Assyrian cities, and look at how terrible this city is: 

-Rebellious, not obeyed God, hasn’t responded to God’s discipline, hasn’t trusted the Lord, and hasn’t sought after God. Not only is the city running away from God, but her leaders are even worse! Princes and judges have become like wild beasts who are looking to exploit other people. The prophets and priests aren’t leading people to follow the Lord, they’re only looking to their own interests (which is a perennial problem in Israel, and as the leaders go, so goes the nation). So remember, I said contextually that it seems like it’s talking about the rest of the nations, but then look at the first line in vs. 5:

-This is talking about Jerusalem, the city where the Lord lives. God’s own people weren’t spared from the punishment, in fact theirs is even worse because they were supposed to be different from all the surrounding nations, but instead they’ve acted exactly like them. But in contradiction to the His own people, God is completely righteous and holy. Even when His people are running away from Him, God stays the same and continues being faithful to Himself and His promises. God never changes, that’s one of the greatest realities about God. 

-The last thing God says in this section is that in that day, there will be people from every tribe and tongue and nation who will stand condemned before Him because they refused to follow Him. This is the reality of life in the world God created, which is why He gives us all these warnings. Follow and obey Him now, because someday it will be too late.

  • The Day of the Lord in Salvation (3:9–20)

-The best news about this book is that while the ending is bad news for those who haven’t followed the one true God, for those who have listened and obeyed Him, the ending is joy and salvation.

-Do you see how great this day will be? The end goal is that everyone will be able to call on the name of the Lord and serve and obey Him perfectly. And it’s interesting that the Lord mentions Cush here, because that would include the family of Zephaniah, the people who were once spread out will come and worship the Lord together from all areas of the world. AND there’s a story in Acts that shows the fulfillment of this promise. 

Acts 8 tells the story of Phillip who was told to go to a specific place and share the gospel message with an Ethiopian. Ethiopia is the same place that was called Cush during the time of Zechariah. God’s promises always come to pass, as we see here from Zechariah. 

-But that’s not all! Look what God goes on to say:

-The punishment has been changed. Those who trust in God are spared from this suffering because the king has come and lived with them, which changes everything for His people. Now that He is with them, they have nothing to fear. Then God doubles down on this promise, but look at the description He gives: 

-A warrior who saves. This helps us understand some of what the early disciples were expecting when Jesus came, a conquering warrior who would overthrow the shackles of oppression from the Romans. What they didn’t realize was the enemy they were thinking about was too small. The Romans were nothing compared to sin and death. God’s plans are so much bigger than anything we could come up with. And look at how God responds to His people: rejoicing,  quieting us, and delighting in us. Isn’t that amazing? God delights in spending time with His people.

-And the very last verse, God tells us what the last day will look like for those who have followed after Him: He will gather His people together to honor them, to encourage them, and to give them a place in His kingdom forever. And we know this is going to happen because of the last phrase in this verse: if God has spoken, it’s guaranteed to happen.

  • The Day of the Lord for You

-But now that we’ve looked at this book, we’re left with the question: which side are you on? For some, the Day of the Lord is something to get excited for because it means everything we’ve been hoping for will come true! But for others, it’s a day to fear. I heard a pastor onetime say that for those who are following Jesus, this world is the closest to hell we’ll ever live. And the reverse is also true: for those who aren’t following Jesus, this world is the closest to heaven they’ll ever live. 

-The Day of the Lord isn’t just a topic that’s seen in the prophets, we saw it when we looked at Revelation together last year. Look at how John describes that day in Rev. 6

-Notice that no ones left out, just like God promises in Zechariah that He’ll be looking EVERYWHERE for those who haven’t followed Him. These people are begging to be buried alive in an earthquake because God is that much more terrifying. When that day comes, if you aren’t walking with the Lord, it’s going to be the worst first day of the rest of your life. But you have a choice, right here and right now to not have that day be terrifying.

-For those of us who are walking with the Lord, we have a different reality, a completely different response to the Day of the Lord. For us, it’s going to be a day of celebrating, rejoicing, and giving thanks for because our faith is now sight. Everything we’ve hoped and prayed for has become real. But in this in between time, where we live between Jesus’ two comings, the book of Hebrews reminds us how we’re supposed to live with an eye on that day. 

-It begins with a reminder of how we’re supposed to follow God: through a confession that Jesus is that Warrior King who conquered Satan, sin, and death through his victorious resurrection, and now provides the way for us to come boldly before the Father. That confession is what saves us and makes us new people. And once we’re new people look what we’re supposed to do: consider one another. This is a way we imitate our God, by looking to other people above and beyond ourselves! But then it gets weird! Because we’re supposed to provoke each other. I don’t know about you, but I can’t think of a situation where it’s positive to “provoke” someone else (this may be a reminder that I have young kids at home because there’s a LOT of provoking that goes on!) but have you ever considered that provoking can be a good thing? According to this text, there’s a way of provoking each other that can lead to love and good works. Now I don’t know about you, but I feel like I could use more of that provoking in my life! Most of the provoking I have around me is to get angry about what’s taking place politically or socially. That doesn’t make me more holy, that doesn’t make me more like Jesus, and that doesn’t help me to represent the one true God to the watching world. And the author doesn’t stop there, do you see the way we provoke each other positively? By gathering together. Friends, this weekly meeting is more than just a social hour, this gathering around the throne of Jesus Christ is a spiritual battle where we provoke each other positively to grow in our love and our good works. This gathering is meant to be the place where we’re encouraged to continue following faithfully after Jesus. Out there, we’re going to be tempted to question, tempted to doubt, tempted to reflect the world instead of the Creator of the world. But in here, we get to encourage (provoke) each other to love and good works. 

Jonah – Sermon Manuscript

-If anyone knows any of the minor prophets, it’s probably this one! VeggieTales movie, topic of a host of debates about whether or not this could really happen.

READ/PRAY

  1. Jonah’s Journey

-Fact or fiction: one of the biggest questions about this book is whether or not this really happened. I had a friend in seminary who was convinced this was a myth, written just to teach a story and wasn’t historically true. I’ve read all sorts of commentaries arguing both sides of this, and even saw a video of a kayaker in Patagonia who got swallowed by a humpback whale and then immediately spit out! So apparently it is possible to be swallowed by a fish and spit back out. But the primary reason I believe it’s a true account of a real historical event is because Jesus seemed to think it was, and anytime there’s a debate going on, I want to side with the guy who’s the author of history!

Matt. 12:39-41 Jesus is asked to perform a sign for the Pharisees, and here’s how He responds: the prophet Jonah is referred to as a real person, and it says not only did it happen in the past, but the people of Ninevah will in the future condemn those asking the question for their lack of repentance!

-Another component to this is we tend to view the world with an anti-supernatural bias, or question whether things we consider miraculous can actually happen. Is anything too hard for God? Think of just a few other things God does in the OT: He makes a donkey talk, He makes food both fall out of the sky and appear on the ground, and walls fall down in response to people shouting. Do you think it’s outside of God’s ability to have a fish swallow a man in the sea? I don’t!

-We also see Jonah appear in 2 Kings 14:25. So with all that evidence, I think we should take this as a real, historical account.

  1. Down to Tarshish (1-2)

-Jonah is an anomaly in these prophets. The other prophets willingly obeyed God, there wasn’t any questioning or doubting of God’s call on their lives, Jonah is literally the opposite of everything else we’ve seen.

-Jonah also has very different content than the rest of the prophets (which is part of the reason we tend to gravitate towards it!) Jonah tells a story, and it’s a story that feels bigger than life, doesn’t it? (theme of “great” throughout) A prophet (who is supposed to represent God to the people) who attempts to flee to the ends of the earth to escape God who gets swallowed by a big fish, then reluctantly preaches the bare minimum of God’s word to his assigned city and leads to a revival. The whole thing it crazy! And pay attention to the way the book intentionally contrasts Jonah with the rest of the characters.

-One of the ways Hebrew builds suspense (and so do we) is through repeated words. Another one of the comparisons in Jonah is down vs. up. The Lord calls to Jonah and calls him to go UP to Tarshish, and he responds by going DOWN to Joppa. And this isn’t just a casual “on the way I accidentally” this is an intentional running away from. He goes down even lower into the boat and stays down while the storm is raging. The captain tells him to come UP to pray, pick me UP throw me DOWN into the sea. But I’m getting slightly ahead of myself! God’s command is 1 thing, but Jonah’s response is another. He’s commanded to go to the northeast, and he goes southwest, and then finds a ship going to what would have been considered the ends of the earth! Jonah’s not only disobeying God, he’s running as far away from God as he possibly can.

-One thing I noted in my sermon scraps for Amos is that the tendency at this time was to view gods as tribal deities, not dissimilar to the way we have NFL teams today. Yahweh was the God of Israel, Baal was the god of the Canaanites, and when they went to war it was seen as a battle of the gods, and whoever won the battle was the superior god. And that also impacted the sea! There was a specific god of the sea people would appeal to for safe travel.

-So when the text goes on to tell us that there was a great wind and a great storm, they all started appealing to any god they could think of for mercy, but it didn’t help. So they continued going on to throw out all the cargo. Compare the sailors to Jonah here. They’re doing everything they can to save the ship, and what’s Jonah’s response? He doesn’t care at all! He’s treating this like a cruise and decided his best course of action was to take a nap.

-So the captain wakes him up. He’s the only one who’s not trying to contribute to the crisis! Even though Jonah’s the main character of this story, he’s taken a completely passive role in this account. The prophet, who’s supposed to be speaking on behalf of the one true God is silent. They decide to do some work to find out which god is upset with them by casting lots. Jonah, as a good prophet, should have seen his chances of escaping getting even smaller. Prov. 16:33 tells us that God is even in control of this seemingly random event.

-This gambling (which God was in charge of, but friends, don’t gamble today! We have the Holy Spirit indwelling us as our guide!), but this gambling leads to Jonah being found as the guilty party. They didn’t know much about him, and if you remember back to our first week, I shared that the role of the prophet is to speak on behalf of God, but Jonah remains completely silent until he’s forced to open up. They’d been calling out to all these random gods, but Jonah is supposed to be worshipping the 1 true God, who even rules over the heavens, the place where they thought all their gods were. Not only is He the God of the heavens, he’s also the one who made the sea and the land, so there’s no where you can escape from Him! But Jonah’s trying to do exactly that and run to the furthest reaches of the earth to try to escape!

-When the men hear it, they’re seized by a “great” fear and realize they’re toast! Remember what I said earlier about the various gods? They assumed that Jonah was just running away from a little land god, not THE God who you can’t escape! Since Jonah is the only one who knows this God, the sailors ask him how to deal with the problem. And Jonah says: it requires a human sacrifice. Do you see how Jonah’s trying to die? He would rather be thrown into the sea in the middle of a hurricane than go to Ninevah to tell them to repent. And not only is Jonah trying to die, he doesn’t even care if the sailors are taken with him! Do you see how even though the sailors know what’s going on, they still try to help him? They worked as hard as they could to save Jonah, who’s still passive.

-And now who cries out to Yahweh? The sailors! Jonah still doesn’t care! Where previously Yahweh was unknown to them, as soon as they learn which God it is, they’re all in. They throw Jonah in and the sea is calm. So what’s their response? They worship the one true God! Do you see how even in Jonah’s sin God is still working? Jonah, the guy who’s trying to escape God’s call on his life just mentions the name of this God, and their entire worship changes. Keep in mind what these sailors do: they offer a sacrifice and make vows (assuming to Yahweh)

-But Jonah can’t catch a break; God STILL won’t even let him die!

-This next chapter needs to be read with a strong level of irony. First, do you hear how much this sounds like the Psalms? Jonah knows the Bible! He knows the truth about God, but it hasn’t transformed his heart. Second, do you see how self-centered it is? Who’s the focus of this “prayer” God or Jonah?

-Look at what he says in vs. 2, he waited until he was in Sheol, the place of the dead to call out to God. Why didn’t he call out to God while he was in the boat with all those pagan sailors? And it gets worse! Look at 3 he says God threw him into the sea! He’s blaming God for his current situation. Just when it feels like it can’t get worse, he keeps going!

-Let’s look at the end of the prayer. He talks about those who cherish or love worthless idols and says they’re terrible and wrong. Who were the ones who cherished worthless idols in this story? Wasn’t it the sailors? But where did we leave them? Offering sacrifices to Yahweh and making vows to Him. Jonah’s saying the sailors are the problem, meanwhile He’s in the right standing before the God! He continues deluding himself! One scholar said, “these are the right words coming out of the wrong mouth!” We don’t see any accounts in this story of Jonah offering a sacrifice of any vows. The final irony is salvation does belong to Yahweh, which is good for Jonah because if it were up to him, no one except him would be saved.

-But God is faithful and shows His complete control once again by commanding this fish to vomit Jonah up. We see this as gross today, but I think it has deeper significance than just the disgust: throughout the OT, this word is used to describe God’s punishment on the Israelites for disobedience, the land vomits them out. This may be a way of saying this is a continuation of God’s punishment on Jonah.

  • Up to Nineveh (3-4)

-Déjà vu here, as God tells Jonah once again to go to Nineveh, but this time he’s learned his lesson and finally obeys.

-Just to catch us up again and understand this, Jonah has spent who knows how long trying to run away from God’s call on his life. He’s been swallowed by a great fish, been vomited out, then recommissioned with the same task, and the journey to Nineveh would have taken him about 30 days of walking to get to. So this story for us is condensed, but how happy do you think Jonah was on this journey? Do you think he spent the time skipping and jumping along to get to Nineveh as quickly as he could? Remember: God wouldn’t even let him die previously! I picture him grumbling the entire way!

-So Jonah finally arrives at Nineveh, and begins proclaiming the incoming destruction of the city. Other prophets had similar tasks warning that the day of the Lord was coming, a day of darkness and destruction. 2 things to note here: first the description of the size of the city: it’s huge! It would take 3 days to walk it! And how far does Jonah walk? 1 day, which means he doesn’t even get to the middle of it! And what is his message? 5 words in Hebrew, 7 in English. He doesn’t mention which god he’s preaching on behalf of; he doesn’t say why they’re going to be destroyed, all he says is destruction is coming. All he does is predict a certain destruction.

-And what’s the response of the city? Immediate repentance! Friends, this has to be the most unbelievable part of this story! This city of people devoted to destroying the nation of Yahweh responds the right way when they’re faced with the realities of their sin. They don’t make excuses, they don’t ignore it, they work to get right with God. And the repentance is universal! It says the greatest to the least: no one is left out! And the king led the way! Here’s the decree he made the everyone:

-Everyone (even the animals, keep that in mind) is to fast and put on sackcloth (a way of grieving), AND begin crying out “earnestly” to God. Do you notice that they’re not even sure which God they’re crying out to? Think back to the sailors, as soon as they heard his name they started crying out to Him, here they’re only told that a god is upset but it’s STILL enough for them repent. Notice the ending here: they’re concerned that it’s too late and they don’t know how God will respond. They don’t know which God, they don’t know how to please Him, but they’re willing to try doing whatever they can!

-And we know God, we’ve seen that He’s slow to anger and quick to forgiveness (we’ve seen that repeatedly through these prophets). So God responds as He always does: he relents. The certain destruction doesn’t happen. And if this were the ending of the book there may be a glimmer of hope still for Jonah. But we’re not done.

-Jonah is now great with displeasure, and contrast this with the question of the king. Who knows what this God will do? And what does Jonah say? I KNEW IT! This was the whole reason he tried running way! God always forgives, God will always relent from sending disaster for those who respond correctly. But that’s not what Jonah wanted. Jonah wanted grace and mercy for himself, but not for his enemies. Keep that in mind, we’ll come back to it in a minute. Jonah here is so upset that he finally just explicitly asks God to kill him. He tried running away, tried sleeping through a hurricane, tried drowning and none of those worked, so he goes straight to the source!

-And God asks him a question in response: but Jonah (as we’ve seen previously) just goes with the silent treatment. He goes to build a little shelter and watch the show. I picture him setting himself up like this:

-And God is once again kind and gracious. Jonah goes from being greatly displeased to greatly pleased because of the shade. Unfortunately the shade turns out to be a lesson for him, and God sends a worm (compare that to the whale!) to kill the plant. AND THEN God throws in some nature to make Jonah even more upset. So how does Jonah respond this time? Once again, he asks God to kill him. And God asks a similar question to His previous one: is it right for you to be angry about this plant?

-YES! I’m angry enough to die! That’s the last word from Jonah in this book. Jonah’s anger keeps bubbling up to the point where he’s so angry he wants to die because of a plant. Doesn’t that seem a little misplaced to you?

-But God gets the last word. Jonah CARED about nothing in the book except a plant. He didn’t plant it or water it; he was just the benefactor of it. If Jonah cares about this little plant, isn’t it even more important for God to care about Nineveh, a place with more than 120,000 people who are all created as the image of God? God’s people are commanded to care for humans above all the rest of the created order, but Jonah’s missed that reality and was only worried about himself.

-Not only is this city full of people, but it’s people who don’t KNOW the right thing to do. Jonah is the only one in this story who knows the right God, the right ways to live, and is the only one who responds with disobedience and sin. Every other character obeys; did you notice that? The sailors believe, the whale obeys God’s command, the Ninevites repent, the plant obeys, the worm obeys, the scorching east wind obeys, meanwhile, Jonah gets angry. The worst prophet in this series!

-And God’s final request is: if you can’t care about the people, would you at least care about the animals? And that question leaves the book unresolved, doesn’t it? We don’t know what happened to Jonah, and the ending of the book is meant to force us to ask that same question: who do you view as outside of the bounds of God’s mercy and grace?

  • Grace for Who?

-The question at the heart of this book is: how do you view your sin? Do you know that you need God to be gracious and compassionate, slow to anger and abounding I faithful love TO YOU, or is that just needed for other people who are worse than you? Isn’t the temptation for all of us to grade ourselves on a sliding scale? We compare our strengths to someone else’s weaknesses and determine they MUST be worse than us.

-You can see this with the whole NIMBY phenomenon, have you heard of it? It stands for not in my backyard. I’ve read it referring to someone that’s pushing for low-income housing, as long as it’s not in my backyard. They want to appear virtuous, but don’t want it to affect them. I think we also saw this during COVID: good for thee not for me, we excuse ourselves but enforce strong rules for everyone else.

-There’s a fantastic quote from a Croatian theologian named Miroslav Volf (who’s a professor at Yale Seminary) who wrote a book on reconciliation where he talked about forgiveness in this way:

-What’s he’s saying is we all place people in 2 different camps: those who are opposed to us (or we view as opposed to us) are less than human, meanwhile we elevate ourselves to the place where we’re more than human. That’s normal! We all do it! But Jesus gives us a different way: He goes on to say that when we look to Jesus our perspective changes. We go from wanting condemnation for our enemy to wanting resolution and reconciliation with them, and we go from pride to realizing that we, too, are in need of God’s grace.

-After all, this is what Paul says in 1 Tim. 1:15-17.

-He’s not saying he’s done the math and he got the worst grade, he’s saying that when you use the right standard, we’re all the worst! When we’re all comparing ourselves to perfection none of us can stand. At the end of the day, we’re all like Jonah, the temptation of the human heart is to give grace to yourself and condemn everyone else. But there’s a second piece to this that I think we also need to look at:

  • When Religiosity is the Problem

-Did you notice how when Jonah finally “prayed” he essentially just quoted the Psalms? He knew the right things to say, but it hadn’t gone the 18” from his head to his heart. Often Jonah is used to preach about ethnocentrism (or racism, if you want to talk about why I prefer the former term let me know), or it’s preached about the need to go into the nations and do cross-cultural missions. But I think that’s missing the purpose of this book. I think the warning is to those of us who are like Jonah, who haven’t let the truths of the gospel trickle down into our hearts and begin to transform us from the inside out. Jesus had some strong words to people like Jonah, who judged other people based on external compliance but didn’t take the time to look at the deeper reality.

-2 examples back-to-back in Matt. 23:

-First is the picture of people who clean the outside of a cup but leave the inside. One of my cousins when we were growing up was a major germophobe. He didn’t want to shake hands, refused to ever share snacks or drinks. But when he was done eating, he would literally lick his plate clean and stick it back in the cupboard. Do you see the inconsistency!? I know he sometimes listens to these sermons, so sorry if you catch this one! The point is: it’s gross, right!?

-The second one is making the exact same point: Jesus is accusing them of whitewashing tombs. Think of a house that looks beautiful on the outside, fresh paint, brand new roof, immaculate lawn, but you walk in and it’s a hoarder’s house. Jesus isn’t asking us to clean up our mess to present to Him, He invites us to come to Him so He can clean up our mess.

-Friends, this is why we need Jesus and not Jonah.

-Jesus, who also slept in a boat during a storm, but then cared more about saving his friends than himself.

-Jesus, who asked NOT to be killed, but willingly went to His death anyway, not because He was angry, but because we were angry.

-Jesus, who knows everything, and asked for God to forgive those who “didn’t know what they were doing,” even as he bore the penalty for every sin on the cross.

-Jesus, who then spent 3 days and nights in the belly of the earth, and then was “vomited” out because the punishment was done. Forever. Aren’t you glad that in a world full of Jonahs, we get Jesus?